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El Niño 2023-24: Eastern & Southern Africa

Introduction

EASTERN AFRICA

The impact of El Niño-induced heavy rains and flooding during the long rainy season (March-May) have been devastating across the Eastern Africa Region. Torrential rains and flooding (both riverine and flash floods) in Burundi, Kenya, Somalia, Rwanda, Tanzania and other parts of East Africa have resulted in the loss of lives, displacement and destruction. As of 3 May, the region was also bracing for the potential impact of Cyclone Hidaya in the coastal areas of Kenya and Tanzania.

Heavy rains and flooding affected nearly 205,000 people in Kenya, 179,000 in Burundi, 127,000 in Somalia and over 125,670 in Tanzania. The floods have also displaced 194,305 people in Kenya, 31,200 in Burundi and 8,376 in Somalia and left scores of casualties in Nyanza and Burera districts in Rwanda. The heavy rains and floods have also damaged infrastructure, including houses, schools and destroyed crops and farmlands as well as diminished access to water and sanitation while increasing the risk of diseases such as cholera. (OCHA, 3 May 2024)

SOUTHERN AFRICA

The worst mid-season dry spell in over 100 years, marred by the lowest mid-season rainfall in 40 years, and exacerbated by an El Niño phenomenon, is having a severe impact on the population in Southern Africa. The late January to early March mid-season dry spell characterized by heatwaves and temperatures five degrees above average - has led to the declaration of national disasters in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It has impacted large parts of Angola, Botswana, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa. There is a likelihood of more countries declaring a national emergency as the coping capacity of affected communities, particularly around access to food, water and livelihood, is eroded.

El Niño conditions have also caused heavy rains and flooding in Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi and Zambia displacing thousands of people, with Madagascar declaring a national disaster due to Tropical Storm Gamane in March 2024. (OCHA, 19 Apr 2024)

Overview

Related disasters

Disasters

Mozambique: Drought - May 2024

As vast parts of southern Africa grapple with an unprecedented mid-season dry spell, the food security situation in Mozambique continues to deteriorate. The compounded effects of El Niño, above-average temperatures, extreme weather events such as Tropical...

Namibia: Drought - May 2024

On 22 May, the Government of Namibia declared the State of Emergency following the worst drought that the country has experienced in 100 years. According to media reports, every one in five Namibians is considered food insecure. Against the backdrop of scarce...

Ethiopia: Floods - May 2024

Weeks of heavy rainfall and flooding in the East Africa region have triggered widespread displacement, with hundreds of thousands displaced across Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Ethiopia and Tanzania. So far 637,000 people have been affected, including...

Uganda: Floods - May 2024

Since the end of April, heavy rainfall has been affecting several parts of Uganda, causing floods and leading to casualties and damage. According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), as many as 49 people died, 28 are...

Lesotho: Drought - Apr 2024

According to the weather update for quarter 1 of 2024 issued by the Lesotho Meteorological Services, the persistent heatwaves and exceptionally high temperatures experienced between January and March 2024 have led to widespread dryness of crops across most...

Rwanda: Floods - Apr 2024

In Rwanda, heavy rains and floods killed 14 people in Nyanza District, injured 27 in Burera District and damaged roads, bridges and 123 houses since 28 April and as of 2 May. Several hectares of rice and banana plantation in Ruhango District have been...

Somalia: Floods - Apr 2024

The Gu (April to June) rains intensified with flash floods reported since 19 April. Four people, three boys in Somaliland and a six-year-old girl in Hirshabelle State were reportedly killed; about 100 shelters for displaced people destroyed and at least 134...

Kenya: Floods - Apr 2024

The last week of March marked the start of the long rains season (March to May) characterized by isolated heavy storms that caused heavy rainfall and flash floods in several parts of the country. At least 13 people died, nearly 3,000 households displaced,...

Tanzania: Floods - Apr 2024

Heavy rainfall continues to affect most of Tanzania (in particular Dodoma and Dar es Salaam city areas) since early April, causing floods, flash floods and triggering landslides that have resulted in casualties and widespread damage. Media report, as of 26...

Zimbabwe: Drought - Apr 2024

Following the severe impacts of the El Nino induced drought which affected more than 80% of the country resulting in significantly below-normal harvest, the country declared the 2023-2024 agriculture season a state of national disaster at the beginning of...

Malawi: Drought - Mar 2024

About nine million people in Malawi are reeling from the devastating impacts of El Niño-induced floods and drought, which are destroying harvests and causing hunger to soar to crisis levels ... An El Niño-induced drought has severely affected this season’s...

Zambia: Drought - Jan 2024

The dry spell has from mid-January this year affected most of the central and southern half of the country, which has received less than normal rainfall leaving 1 million hectares of maize destroyed, almost half of the country’s maize cultivation. It is also...

DR Congo: Floods - Jan 2024

In the last few days, heavy rainfall has affected parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), particularly the eastern and southern areas, causing floods and triggering landslides that resulted in casualties and damage. According to media, as of 28...

Madagascar: Drought - 2018-2024

Severe drought conditions during southern Madagascar’s rainy season from November 2017 to April 2018 have led to nearly dry dams in many parts of the south. This dryness has affected livestock’s access to water and pastureland, which has led to poor livestock...

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