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SITUATION OVERVIEW
The year 2023 marked the ninth year of conflict, where although relative calmness from the 2022 UN-brokered truce continued, severe humanitarian needs resulting from displacement, economic deterioration and lack of public services left millions of households struggling to meet their most basic needs.
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) continued to utilize a needs-based approach to implement multisectoral programming across International Recognized Government (IRG) and de-facto authority (DFA) controlled areas to meet humanitarian needs and support durable solutions via key hubs in Sana’a, Ma’rib, Al Makha and Aden. By the end of 2023, IOM had reached more than 3.84 million individuals with humanitarian and development assistance.
ADDRESSING URGENT HUMANITARIAN NEEDS
In 2023, IOM’s multisectoral humanitarian program continued to target the most vulnerable internally displaced persons, migrants and host community members, aiming to meet their most basic needs. IOM Yemen’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) provided critical, up-to-date information on movement trends and the needs of migrants and vulnerable and displaced populations. The information collected by DTM teams informed the humanitarian community as well as national authorities, with actionable and reliable information on the number and location of IDPs, returning IDPs, migrants, and returning Yemeni migrants, as well as the drivers for their movement and their needs.
DTM conducted Rapid Displacement Tracking (RDT) to track IDP and returnee populations throughout Yemen. Information was collected on areas of displacement and return, origins and reasons for displacement, shelter types, situation overviews and priority needs at target locations. In 2023, IOM tracked the displacement of 59,748 individuals in the 13 governorates where the Organization has access. Of those tracked, approximately 41 per cent reported that their main need is non-food items, while 22 per cent reported that they lacked access to food.
IOM’s Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) team coordinated service provision in 91 IOM-managed sites across Ibb, Ta’iz, Ma’rib and Al Hodeidah, serving as the backbone of the mission’s programming for the most vulnerable displaced populations. Over the course of 2023, CCCM teams ensured timely and adequate service provision, conducted training and capacity building on camp management for local actors, ensured dignified living conditions through site maintenance and care activities, and promoted inclusive community participation among site residents.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene activities (WASH) aimed to provide access to water, improve sanitation conditions and hygiene practices among target populations. As part of its WASH activities, IOM supported the health and well-being of the most vulnerable communities in Yemen, including displaced persons, host communities, people at risk of famine and malnutrition, and migrants. In response to the urgent needs in displacement sites, IOM provided life-saving water-trucking services, shortterm hygiene promotion campaigns, hygiene kit distributions, rapid rehabilitation/establishment of water points and sanitation infrastructure, and rapid vector control activities. In 2023, at least 233,902 people received safe and clean water for drinking purposes in sites across Yemen. Additionally, IOM supported 60,530 people with solid waste management assistance and community-led cleaning campaigns. Approximately 128,844 people were reached with hygiene promotion and community engagement activities, including Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD) awareness sessions. In response to the late 2023 AWD/ suspected cholera outbreak, IOM’s teams rapidly scaled up awareness sessions on best hygiene practices, provision of water supply in highly affected areas as well as water monitoring to ensure proper treatment of water sources.
The provision of multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA) provided an estimated 173,478 individuals (28,913 households) with financial means to meet their most basic needs. IOM provided one-off and multi-round cash assistance to newly displaced households in addition to those impacted by flood and fire via referrals from the Rapid Response Mechanism and internal units.
To support targeted households with safe and dignified shelter conditions, Shelter and Non-Food Items (SNFI) assistance was provided to 80,916 individuals (13,486 households). Vulnerable households were supported with in-kind and cash modalities for shelter upgrades, construction of transitional shelters and to acquire essential non-food items such as blankets, mattresses, and kitchen materials, among others. IOM also supported the rapid provision of emergency shelter kits, plastic sheets, tents, and nylon ropes to newly displaced households and those impacted by flood and fire.
In 2023, the Organization’s health programming strived to contribute to reducing the morbidity, mortality and suffering of conflict-affected populations in Yemen. To address the dire health needs among migrants and people on the move, IOM provided 45 health facilities with rehabilitation, human resources, equipment, medicines, and operational support across eight governorates, providing over 643,000 emergency and comprehensive primary health care consultations and over 57,500 Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) services. Furthermore, to enhance its community-based intervention, IOM trained and deployed 80 community health volunteers (CHVs) who engaged over 26,000 individuals in health promotion and disease prevention activities and conducted community-based surveillance with 14,000 households. Health teams played a key role in the acute watery diarrhea and cholera response in late 2023, establishing 16 oral rehydration centers, supporting three diarrheal treatment centers and operating mobile medical teams along migrant route to ensure tailored assistance for migrants.
IOM also continued supporting the National AIDS Program (NAP), the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP), and the National Malaria Program (NMCP), engaging over 3.8 million individuals in surveillance, prevention, treatment, case management, and awareness raising campaigns.
To enhance protection services for vulnerable individuals, IOM continued several initiatives to ensure access to protection assistance. As part of its efforts to bolster community-led protection, IOM continued to support four Community Response Points (CRPs) in Ma’rib and Ta’iz where staff and trained members of Community-Based Protection Networks provided services within IOM-managed sites. Mobile protection teams further supported the identification of individuals in need of protection support, including case management, legal referrals, psychosocial support, and material assistance.