Attachments
Summary of key findings
• Across all four research locations, most respondents reported that no members of their household had moved in the ten years preceding data collection. However, when asked about current mobility intentions, many expressed a strong interest in moving, which was frequently outweighed by a lack of resources to do so, and many were remaining in place involuntarily as a result.
• Mobility had served as a successful coping strategy for some, but its effectiveness was limited. Respondents pointed to both the cost of moving and the challenges of sustaining themselves or sending remittances after relocation.
• Among those who had moved in the ten years preceding data collection, as reported by household members who remained, most had stayed within the same country. In contrast, respondents expressing mobility intentions within their households often reported a preference for moving abroad.
• Respondents across all sites viewed climate hazards as a serious and worsening threat. Many expressed pessimism or uncertainty about the coming years, with widespread concerns that climate hazards would further undermine households’ ability to meet their basic needs.
• Economic reasons were cited as the most common reason for moving, but a substantial number also cited climate hazards. It was clear that climate, conflict and economics all interact to drive interest in migration, and that the role of climate is growing.
• While economic reasons were the most frequently cited drivers of mobility, a substantial share of respondents also identified climate hazards. The findings indicate that economic hardship, climate-related threats, and, in some cases, conflict were overlapping and mutually reinforcing factors shaping interest in mobility. Many respondents suggested that the role of climate in this dynamic had grown over recent years
• In all study locations, those who experienced the most severe impacts of climate hazards were often individuals or households already facing other vulnerabilities, including older adults, children, people living in poverty, internally displaced people, and migrants.
• In locations where climate hazards were perceived as more severe at the time of data collection, respondents were more likely to report a desire to move compared to those in areas with less severe perceived impacts.
• Communities in all four locations were reportedly taking steps to mitigate and adapt to climate hazards. However, many of the actions and strategies that they employed were unsustainable, and alternatives were undermined by a lack of resources and leadership. There was a strong desire for governments to take more comprehensive and sustained action to support communities in both mitigating and adapting to future climate risks.