Key trends:
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Harassment, arrests and physical violence against journalists, mostly by government security forces and sometimes by protestors, have risen in recent years.
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Press freedom and freedom of expression has been impacted in many countries by these attacks.
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A range of attacks have been identified by UNESCO in 65 countries since 2015 for this report.
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At least ten journalists have been killed since 2015 while covering protests, according to UNESCO’s Observatory of Killed Journalists.
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Tactics used against journalists have violated international laws and norms that have been long agreed upon under the umbrella of multilateral institutions.