This report presents not only an overview of how PRSPs have become the focus of international development thinking, but also how the lack of critical analysis and evaluation of PRSPs in terms of their ability to move communities out of poverty has meant that it is business as usual for a number of interest groups. The report goes on to focus on the experiences of pastoralists in Uganda and Kenya, during the period when these countries have had PRSPs in place. Finally, the report also provides some recommendations as to how the current PRSP model and practice needs to be improved if it is truly to become an engine for positive change on the ground.