The purpose of this primer is to provide guidance to mediators and other peace support actors, including (when relevant) DDR practitioners, on enabling a successful political transformation of armed groups as part of peace processes. It addresses key questions which need to be considered in peace mediation and the resulting negotiated agreements, such as: Who can best support political transformation during peace processes? When to consider such involvement? How to ensure that the content and sequencing of peace accords are conducive to effective political transformation?