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IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) collected data on Ukrainian nationals who were crossing back into Ukraine through neighbouring countries (Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania and Slovakia), either temporarily or permanently. Between July and December 2024, a total of 5,901 surveys were conducted.
Based on DTM’s surveys of Ukrainians crossing back via Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania and Slovakia, almost all movements into Ukraine (92%) are pendular in nature— characterised by short-term stays or temporary returns. Only a small proportion of respondents (approximately 143 individuals) identified as returning from displacement. The remaining eight per cent are prospective returnees and undecided respondents. This highlights that not all individuals leaving Ukraine are doing so to displace; rather, many are engaged in temporary or cyclical movements back and forth across the border.
The survey focuses on various aspects of return, including return intentions, duration of displacement, destinations, needs and assistance received, expectations upon return, and experiences of unequal treatment of Ukrainian respondents.
Key findings:
Ukrainians abroad (Resided abroad 50% or more of the three months leading to crossing back) – 3,591 respondents
- Most were visiting Ukraine for a short period (87%), 9% intended to remain and 4% were undecided
- 83% were travelling to their oblast of origin
- Top reasons to cross back: Visiting family members (56%), renewing documents (22%), and healthcare (21%)
- Top immediate needs: Financial support (24%), Health services (23%), and general information (11%)
- 78% of short-term visitors crossed more than three times since February 2022
- 61% of prospective returnees travelled with children
Current residents of Ukraine (Resided in Ukraine 50% or more of the three months leading to crossing back) – 2,310 respondents
- 96% were travelling to their oblast of origin
- Main reason for leaving Ukraine: Brief trip abroad (89%), escaping from war (6%) and economic reasons (3%)
- 54% have some form of employment
- 28% crossed 3 – 5 times, 19% crossed over ten times
- 10% anticipated difficult access to basic services