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This document provides an overview of key protection risks in Ukraine based on the Protection Cluster’s Protection Monitoring Tool (PMT). The PMT was launched at settlement level by the Protection Cluster on 26 February 2022. In May 2022, the tool was revised to capture protection concerns for returnees (both IDPs and refugees). Information presented in this document reflects data collection completed by protection partners1 from 26 February to 28 October 2022 – including 4,296 key informant questionnaires.
Protection Monitoring Findings at National Level (to access the online interactive dashboard of the monitoring at settlement level, please click here)
▪ 74% of key informants (KIs) reported new arrivals of IDPs to settlements; 36% of newly arrived IDPs were reported as intending to move further from settlements, whereas 37% did not intend to move further. ▪ IDPs mostly came from the following oblasts - Chernihivska, Dnipropetrovska, Zaporizka, Kharkivska, Khersonska, Kyivska, Mykolayivska, Odeska and Sumska oblasts.
▪ When KIs indicate their locations as being affected by active hostilities, 40% of respondents report knowing of individuals wanting to leave but unable to do so.
▪ The main reasons preventing people from leaving their areas of origin include: (1) lack of financial resources; (2) unwillingness to leave their families behind; (3) insufficient level of safety for leaving; (4) health issues or disability; (5) lack of access to humanitarian evacuations; (6) not knowing where to go. Specific groups experiencing barriers to obtain support to leave areas under active hostilities include: (1) children; (2) people with disabilities; (3) women and older women; (4) older men.
▪ The main reasons motivating people to return to their areas of origin are: (1) reunification with the family, (2) lack of financial resources to cover basic needs, (3) lack of access to affordable accommodation, (4) lack of access to livelihoods and jobs/ fear of losing previous jobs in the place of origin, (5) lack of access to basic services.
• The most frequently reported protection risks are (1) exposure to shelling and armed violence; (2) family separation; (3) restrictions on freedom of movement; (4) separation of children; (5) lack of identity documents; (6) lack of access to education; (7) exposure to mines.
• Overall, 22% of KIs (among both IDPs and returnees) report experiencing lack of access to essential protection services and assistance provided by humanitarian actors.
▪ Among the main barriers to access humanitarian assistance, KIs report: (1) lack of transport; (2) lack of access to medicines/emergency healthcare; (3) limited information on available services; (4) limited services for persons with disability; (5) lack of food; (6) lack of registration as IDPs; and (7) lack of identity documents.
▪ 91% of KIs reported availability of shelter, however, (1) family separation; (2) gender separation; (3) overcrowding; (4) lack of access to water and (5) electricity remain the most reported shelter service barriers. Gradually, and as the situation in the country evolved, about 66% of Kis reported having returned to their places of origin over the past month (October 2022).
**As of 15 November 2022, the Protection Cluster (together with 18 partners operating in areas of displacement and of return in Ukraine) is piloting the new Protection Monitoring Tool at the community level. The revised tool is built upon 14 protection typologies included in the analytical framework (including Safety and security; Right to life, physical and mental integrity; Liberty and movement; Civil status and documentation; Protection issues for elderly; Protection issues for people with disabilities; Social cohesion; Gender-based violence; Child protection; Housing, land and property; Standard of living; Access to remedies; Return and Displacement; Trafficking in Person). The preliminary findings of the pilot phase will be analysed in January 2023; the full roll out of the new tool with start immediately after and run throughout 2023