Humanitarian food assistance needs in Ukraine are at their annual peak, driven by high winter expenditures from elevated heating and energy costs, limited seasonal income, and conflict-related disruptions to markets and food access. Ongoing hostilities, displacement, and damage to energy and transport infrastructure are compounding seasonal pressures by restricting physical access to markets and increasing living costs in eastern and southern frontline areas. After April, needs are expected to decline seasonally as temperatures rise, winter heating costs ease, and seasonal income-earning opportunities improve, particularly in agriculture, transport, and services. However, needs are expected to remain high in frontline areas due to persistent conflict and access constraints that limit typical seasonal recovery. Through September, acute food insecurity is expected to be driven primarily by constrained economic access through income loss, high prices, and physical access barriers, rather than food availability, which is projected to remain broadly adequate countrywide.
Escalating conflict and sustained damage to critical infrastructure are increasingly disrupting market and household food access and market operations in eastern and southern oblasts. Increased attacks in early March have damaged energy, transport, and water systems, with 6,766 political violence events — including 3,373 air and drone strikes — recorded March 1-27, the highest monthly total since February 2022. These attacks have driven fuel constraints, higher transport costs, and water system disruptions, while widespread power outages and rolling blackouts have limited store operating hours, disrupted cold storage, and reduced access to cash and electronic payments, even as overall market supply remains stable nationally. Large-scale energy infrastructure attacks continue to constrain store operations, with Donetsk and Kherson reporting the most severe physical access barriers, primarily movement restrictions, fear for safety, and active hostilities. Insecurity along key transport routes is further disrupting the movement of goods and limiting humanitarian access in frontline areas. As a result, food access is constrained for conflict-affected households.
Widespread displacement, labor market disruptions, and constrained income sources are weakening household purchasing power in conflict-affected areas and regions hosting large numbers of internally displaced persons. Approximately 3.7 million people remain internally displaced, with renewed offensives displacing an additional 30,721 people in Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, and Zaporizhzhia in January and February. Displacement continues to reduce household income through the loss of employment, farmland access, and local economic networks, increasing reliance on food assistance. Meanwhile, key sectors, including agriculture, face acute labor shortages due to conscription, displacement, and outward migration, constraining production. Mine contamination is affecting over 25 percent of the country, and infrastructure damage further limits access to agricultural land and seasonal labor demand. While remittances remain an important income source, they are insufficient to offset income losses in frontline and rural areas. As a result, income-earning opportunities are likely to remain constrained through April, reflecting the end of the harsh winter period, elevated energy expenditures, and limited seasonal labor demand.
High agricultural production costs and input supply constraints are expected to place upward pressure on production costs and food prices. Farmers’ access to inputs ahead of the 2026 spring season is weakened by rising global fuel and fertilizer prices, driven by disruptions to supply chains related to the conflict in the Middle East, combined with reduced domestic fertilizer production. As of March 18, attacks on energy infrastructure have halved domestic ammonium nitrate production, resulting in an estimated 190,000-ton deficit for spring sowing. As a result, below-average planted area and yields are expected to reduce exportable surplus and raise production and logistics costs, contributing to higher food prices. Elevated prices, alongside already constrained incomes, are expected to further erode purchasing power, particularly for poor and conflict-affected households.
While national food availability remains broadly adequate, economic access constraints are increasingly contributing to acute food insecurity. From July 2025-March 2026, Ukraine only exported 9.7 million tons of wheat — 25 percent less than the same period last year and just 55 percent of its projected export target — due to reduced European demand following a record EU harvest. Meanwhile, economic growth remains subdued, with the GDP declining by 1.2 percent in January-February and expected to slow further throughout 2026 due to insecurity and energy disruptions. While inflation has fallen from mid-2025 highs, elevated energy costs and uneven income recovery are sustaining elevated living costs, primarily in conflict-affected areas. In March, market food price pressures increased amid a seasonal reduction in vegetable supply and rising import costs, particularly for energy and agricultural inputs, due in part to conflict in the Middle East. The reduced affordability of food and uneven access to markets are expected to increasingly limit household food access as higher input and import costs are sustained, alongside ongoing conflict, displacement, infrastructure damage, and income loss.
Elevated food assistance needs are outpacing humanitarian assistance amid growing constraints on access to markets and cash, particularly in conflict-affected oblasts. Although government safety‑net programs are in place, significant coverage gaps and access barriers remain, particularly in frontline areas. In January 2026, humanitarian organizations reached more than 950,000 people with assistance. However, funding shortfalls and increasing access and security constraints are expected to limit the scale and consistency of assistance. Significant funding gaps since 2025 are forcing a shift from preferred cash-based assistance to in-kind food distributions, particularly in frontline areas where market disruptions increase the need for in-kind support. Despite continued but insufficient humanitarian assistance, many households — particularly internally displaced persons and those in conflict-affected areas — face compounding pressures from income loss, restricted mobility, and limited market access, leading to increased reliance on negative coping strategies, including purchasing less preferred foods, depleting savings, and reducing meal portions.
