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Since Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022, the complexity and intensity of military operations in Ukraine have resulted in protection challenges rarely seen at such magnitude. The resulting devastation of civilian lives and livelihoods pose important questions about the existing conceptualizations of civilian harm mitigation (CHM) and Protection of Civilians (PoC) when applied to large-scale combat operations (LSCO). This briefing focuses on how Ukraine – amid a context of largescale destruction and ongoing hostilities – has managed to set up systems to help its population address the various harms it is experiencing. These can be strengthened through a more civilian-centric approach that ensures they better meet people’s needs, thereby enhancing Ukraine’s overall resilience.