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This fact sheet summarizes the cumulative impact of the Russian Federation's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on human rights and civilian protection. It is based on the monitoring, documentation, and public reporting by the United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (HRMMU).
I. HARM TO THE CIVILIAN POPULATION
Since the Russian Federation launched its full-scale invasion in February 2022, four years of hostilities have killed more than 15,000 civilians and injured over 41,000, displaced millions, and damaged and destroyed civilian property and infrastructure. In 2025 and 2026, the harm to the civilian population demonstrably worsened: more civilians were killed and injured than in 2023 and 2024, and civilians across the country suffered the dire consequences of sustained and systematic attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure.
A. Civilian casualties since 2022
• Conflict-related violence has killed at least 15,172 civilians and injured 41,378 in Ukraine since 24 February 2022.2 At least 766 children have been killed and 2,540 injured.
• Civilians have been killed and injured in 26 of Ukraine’s 27 administrative regions. The vast majority of casualties (87 per cent) occurred in territory controlled by Ukrainian authorities.
• Mines and explosive remnants of war have killed 483 civilians and injured 1,196.
B. Civilian casualties in 2025
• In 2025, conflict-related violence killed at least 2,526 civilians and injured 12,162. The total number of killed and injured civilians in 2025 was 31 per cent higher than in 2024 (2,088 killed; 9,138 injured) and 70 per cent higher than in 2023 (1,974 killed; 6,651 injured).
• The use of long-range weapons (missiles and loitering munitions) significantly increased in 2025, causing 35 per cent of civilian casualties in Ukraine (686 killed and 4,451 injured), a 66 per cent increase in killed and injured compared with 2024 (531 killed and 2,569 injured).
• Sixty-three per cent (9,272) of all casualties in 2025 occurred in frontline areas. Civilian casualties caused by short-range drones in frontline areas increased by 121 per cent in 2025, resulting in 580 civilians killed and 3,295 injured, compared with 226 killed and 1,528 injured in 2024.
• Although people over 60 make up only 25 per cent of the general population, older persons accounted for nearly half of civilian deaths and more than a third of injuries in frontline communities in 2025.
C. Attacks on energy infrastructure
• Russian armed forces have deliberately, repeatedly, and systematically attacked Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, causing extensive damage. As of January 2026, Ukraine had lost – due to occupation and damage from attacks – more than half of the electricity generation capacity it had before the full-scale invasion, leaving it with only 11 GW of generation capacity, far short of the 18 GW needed during peak consumption in winter.
• The gap between generation capacity and consumption needs caused prolonged disruptions to electricity, particularly during the winter of 2025-2026, with civilians having electricity for only a few hours per day, or in some periods none at all for several days. Lack of electricity also deprived many people of access to heating and water.
• In addition, during the winter of 2025-2026, Russian armed forces systematically targeted infrastructure related to district heating systems as temperatures dropped in the coldest winter since the full-scale invasion. In Kyiv, more than 1,100 multi-story buildings housing tens of thousands of civilians were left without central heating for the rest of the winter season after attacks in January 2026.