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Northwest Syria is currently experiencing escalating hostilities, further intensified by regional conflicts. On 16 October, airstrikes predominantly targeting Idlib governorate resulted in 45 casualties, including 11 fatalities. Recent developments in the Middle East, particularly the ongoing military escalation in Lebanon, have significantly impacted the security environment across Syria. Given the increasing airstrikes and military operations in Lebanon, there is growing concern that the impact of this conflict will heighten violence in northwest Syria.
Northwest Syria has been a hotspot for conflict for more than a decade, with frequent aerial bombardments, drone attacks, and artillery shelling regularly striking civilian settlements and medical facilities. Recent geopolitical shifts suggest that these regions could experience a significant increase in military activity in the coming weeks. Reports indicate civilian displacement, with families fleeing areas such as Sarmin towards Idlib city due to fears of further escalation.
The region's healthcare infrastructure is particularly vulnerable to the anticipated rise in hostilities. Hospitals and trauma centers in opposition-controlled areas are already under immense pressure, struggling with limited resources and frequent mass casualty incidents resulting from airstrikes and ground operations. Recent assessments of key trauma hospitals in Ariha, Idlib, and Ma'arrat Masrin indicate that while these facilities play a critical role in providing trauma care, they are significantly underprepared to handle the expected surge in mass casualty incidents. Many hospitals lack dedicated triage areas, essential Mass Casualty Management (MCM) kits, and adequate staffing and equipment to effectively manage an influx of trauma cases.
The anticipated escalation of violence, coupled with the limited capacity of existing healthcare facilities, presents a serious challenge to the emergency preparedness and response system in northwest Syria. This context underscores the urgent need for a coordinated trauma emergency response plan, focusing on strengthening the capacity of hospitals and healthcare workers to manage mass casualty incidents and weapon-wounded patients in this volatile environment.
In response to the ongoing conflict dynamics and heightened risk of large-scale military operations, this Trauma Emergency Response and Preparedness (EPREP) plan aims to ensure that healthcare facilities in northwest Syria are adequately equipped and staffed to handle the rising demand for trauma and emergency care. The plan will prioritize capacity building, material support, and coordination among key health actors to enhance the region’s readiness for the expected escalation in hostilities.