Attachments
Key findings
• Respondents were relatively evenly split between those considering moving and those choosing to stay. However, almost none of those wishing to move had the resources to do so, indicating high levels of involuntary immobility.
• Among respondents considering mobility, the vast majority preferred to migrate abroad rather than move internally, and most expressed a desire to relocate permanently rather than temporarily.
• Economic factors were the most frequently reported drivers of mobility, but conflict and climate-related challenges were also prominent. Given the impact of conflict and climate hazards on economic outcomes, all three factors appear deeply interconnected.
• The desire to move appeared to be shaped not only by the frequency of climate hazards but also by their increasing severity. Conflict has further exacerbated these impacts by disrupting essential infrastructure, particularly water systems.
• High vulnerability to climate hazards was linked to the reliance on agriculture and livestock-based livelihoods, which are highly climate-sensitive. Conflict has limited the ability of communities to implement effective adaptation and mitigation strategies.
• Respondents expressed considerable pessimism about the future. Climate hazards were widely perceived as worsening, and many respondents reported growing concerns about their households’ long-term financial viability.
• Qualitative findings highlighted that progress in addressing climate risks will be difficult without resolving broader issues of conflict and governance, which remain critical barriers to building resilience.