Epidemiology
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The outbreak affects 23 localities in Central, South, West, North and East Darfur.
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As of 13 November, the total number of cases has reached 374, including 110 deaths (case fatality rate of 29.4%). Since last week of September, reports have been received from the localities of Zalengei, Nertity, Wadisalih, Azoom, Mukjer, Bendisi, Um Dukhun, Nyala, Kass, Kubum, Sharq Agabal, Yassin, Mershingm, Rehaid Albirdy, Genaina, Kernik, Baidha, Habila, Forbranga, Jabal Moun, Saraf Omra and Alseraif.
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About 68.9% of the reported cases are from Central Darfur, 10.1% are from South Darfur, 17.4% are from West Darfur and 3.2% are from North Darfur.
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1.3% of the reported cases are in the age group 0.1.9, 2.4% are in the age group 2-4.9, 26.7% are in the age group 5-14.9, 47.3% are in the age 15-29.9 and 14.7% are 30-44.9 years and 7.5% are in the age group of 45 years and above.
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Blood samples were obtained in 14.7% of the cases. Out of the tested samples, 11 were positive for yellow fever by RT-PCR at the Central Public Health Laboratory in Khartoum. 2 positive samples were found in samples from each of Nertity and Wadi Salih locality (Central Darfur), 1 positive sample from each of Zalingei (Central Darfur), Genaina, Habila and Kernik (in West Darfur) and 3 positive samples from Kass locality in South Darfur). Samples tested for CCHF and chikungunya were negative.
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Seven samples were received and tested at Institute Pasteur in Senegal, the WHO reference laboratory for Yellow Fever, for presence of IgM antibodies against yellow fever, Dengue, Chikungunya, West Nile, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, and Zika viruses. Two samples were found positive for anti-yellow fever IgM at relatively high titer (1/3200 and 1/12800). They were found positive for anti-yellow fever IgM antibodies were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) as well as real time RT-PCR for YF virus (detecting the viral genome). In addition to these 2 patients, 1 more sample was found positive for YF virus by real time RT-PCR. One sample was found negative for anti-yellow fever IgM probably because the sample has been taken at a very early stage of the infection (1 day after the onset of the disease) and the antibodies response was not detectable at that time.