Attachments
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The fourth round of the Sudan Welfare Monitoring Survey (WMS-4), conducted between May and July 2025, highlights significant disparities in welfare, livelihoods, and access to services among refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and non-displaced Sudanese households. Despite ongoing conflict, some displaced households have begun to return—particularly to Khartoum and Al Jazira—reflecting both necessity and localized improvements in stability, though services remain disrupted.
Food insecurity is severe and widespread: 62 percent of refugees and 61 percent of IDPs report poor or borderline Food Consumption Scores, compared with 45 percent of non-displaced households. Employment trends diverge—overall employment for Sudanese households has risen modestly over the past year, while refugee employment has declined and remains lowest among IDPs. In education, survey results show higher primary attendance among refugee children in camps than among non-displaced Sudanese children, likely reflecting concentrated partner support in camp settings. This contrasts with administrative data showing low overall refugee enrollment, underscoring vulnerabilities for refugees outside camps. Households increasingly rely on negative coping strategies—reducing health and education spending, selling assets, and withdrawing children from school—to manage food shortages and income shocks.