DTM Sudan Cross-Border Monitoring Report (Publication Date: 7 December 2025 | Reporting Period: January 2024 - October 2025)

The Cross-Border Monitoring Report focuses on cross-border movements from neighbouring countries into Sudan. The report represents data collected between January 2024 and October 2025, based on DTM Flow Monitoring methodology.

Flow Monitoring (FM) tracks population movements at key cross-border points between Sudan and neighbouring countries. The Flow Monitoring methodology enables DTM to monitor cross-border mobility in order to better understand mobility patterns and emerging trends. DTM recorded individuals crossing into Sudan through six cross-border points (CBPs), including: Adekonk-Ag Geneina in West Darfur; Um Dukhun in Central Darfur; At Tina in North Darfur, along the border with Chad; Ashkeet and Argeen in Northern state along the border with Egypt; and Gallabat-Metema in Gedaref state, along the border with Ethiopia.

DTM Sudan also monitors returnees from abroad in locations of return across Sudan. See latest update: DTM Sudan Return Monitoring (8).

Key Findings:

• Between January 2024 and October 2025, DTM recorded 437,795 individuals who crossed back into Sudan from neighbouring countries.
• The majority of individuals who crossed back into Sudan were recorded returning from Egypt (92%), while smaller proportions returned from Chad (8%) and Ethiopia (<1%).
• Approximately 40 per cent crossed back to Sudan due to improved security at their place of origin. Others crossed back due to business (25%), livelihood opportunities in Sudan (19%), or economic hardship and depletion of resources (18%).
• Public transport was reportedly the most commonly used means of transportation for individuals returning to Sudan (92%), followed by travelling on foot or by cart (6%), private vehicles (2%), and large commercial vehicles (<1%).
• An estimated 69 per cent of individuals crossing into Sudan intended to return to their places of origin. Others reportedly planned to move elsewhere within Sudan (26%) or move outside Sudan (5%), citing Chad (46%), Egypt (15%), and the Central African Republic (12%) as final destinations.