Attachments
BACKGROUND
Since April 2023, fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has escalated into a nationwide war, severely restricting humanitarian access (UNHCR 27/02/2025; OCHA 31/12/2024; IRC 07/01/2025). In ACAPS’s Global Humanitarian Access Index1 for the period between June–December 2024, Sudan scored 5/5 (Extreme), making it one of the most constrained humanitarian access contexts globally (ACAPS 12/2024).
Between October 2024 and March 2025, the war remained entrenched in North Darfur and Khartoum states, as the SAF and RSF fought over control of strategic locations, such as El Fasher city (Sudan Tribune 14/01/2025; ACLED 12/12/2024; ICG 21/01/2025). Conflict front lines have remained dynamic, with fighting spreading westward into Aj Jazirah, Khartoum, and White Nile states (ICG 21/01/2025). The war has also escalated southward into Sennar and Greater Kordofan (OHCHR 17/01/2025; VOA 03/02/2025; ICG 21/02/2025).
Humanitarian access constraints have significantly hindered humanitarian operations and aid delivery in the country, where over 30 million people, almost two-thirds of the population, are in need of humanitarian assistance (UNHCR 27/02/2025; OCHA 31/12/2024; IRC 07/01/2025). In March 2025, the INFORM Severity Index2 scored the severity of Sudan’s humanitarian crisis at 4.9/5 (Very High), making it one of the worst humanitarian crises globally (ACAPS accessed 31/03/2025)