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The livestock sector in Somalia is a vital contributor to livelihoods and food security but faces numerous challenges, including a lack of resilience, inadequate import and export standards, and a lack of regulatory frameworks and livestock insurance options. This policy paper explores the current state of the livestock production system, trade, regulatory frameworks, and insurance policies. It proposes strategies for improvement to ensure the prosperity of pastoralists in the face of evolving environmental, economic, and geopolitical dynamics.
Our findings showed many challenges in livestock production, trade, and regulatory frameworks. They ranged from ecological issues in production to intricate obstacles within the livestock trade, insufficient regulatory frameworks, policy deficiencies, and difficulties in implementing livestock insurance. Our study revealed significant challenges, including overstocking and overgrazing intensified by droughts, altered disease transmission, conflicts, geopolitical instability, weak state capacity, and a lack of development schemes for nomadic pastoralists.