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Context and Operational Environment
Bosaso hosts approximately 20,700 households of internally displaced people (IDPs), alongside refugees and asylum seekers residing in urban informal settlements characterized by chronic multi-dimensional vulnerability, food insecurity, inadequate access to essential services, precarious shelter conditions, and widespread tenure insecurity. The affected settlements of 100 Bush, Tawakal, and Xaadoole, with population of 18,063 individuals located in the eastern periphery of Bosaso, have long functioned as de facto places of refuge for populations displaced by conflict, climatic shocks, and structural poverty across Somalia.
The affected populations predominantly comprise socio-economically marginalized groups, including minority, female-headed households, older persons, and persons with disabilities, whose survival is sustained through informal livelihoods, humanitarian assistance, and remittance flows.
The ongoing eviction operations are linked to a government-led urban relocation directive associated with broader land-use pressures, including rising land value and planned urban and port expansion. A temporary land of 7km has reportedly been designated; however, its adequacy, habitability, and service availability remain unverified.
Despite the envisaged establishment of a multi-stakeholder relocation coordination mechanism, the absence of effective operationalization has resulted in fragmented, non-phased, and procedurally deficient displacement actions.