Attachments
This study investigates the evolution and process of state formation in Galmudug and the factors that shaped the process, including clan politics, economic considerations, conflict dynamics, governance, and the reconciliation processes, while highlighting the role of external actors. Evidence shows that the process of Galmudug formation was largely shaped by the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS), and in many ways, the state is still dependent on the FGS. However, the ownership of the local community has steadily increased, and the capacity of Galmudug as a government and community to reconcile conflicting parts has also improved. The study argues that successful state-building happens in a bottom-up approach, starting with local councils and local districts, which are the first contact point for ordinary people where they can exercise their power and rights and participate in public life in general. The study also demonstrates that the more institutions adopt inclusive policies and practices, the more they consolidate the processes of peacebuilding and prevention of violent conflicts.
The Heritage Institute’s Talo Wadaag Phase II Program hopes that the findings will help peacebuilders, policymakers, academics, community practitioners, and international actors interested in Somali affairs to understand the historical processes of the evolution of the state formation of Galmudug and its current status, which will assist them in predicting future state-building trends. Such an understanding will also help the abovementioned target groups conduct further research, or develop relevant policies that address challenges encountered in the process of state formation, reconciliation, and governance. Similarly, the findings will assist the target audience to understand the sensitivities attached to the process of state formation and how to respond in a culturally appropriate manner.