Attachments
A. SITUATION ANALYSIS
Description of the crisis
Between 30 September and 09 November 2025, the Philippines was severely affected by a series of compounded disasters, including a major earthquake in Cebu and the consecutive impacts of Typhoons Tino (Kalmaegi) and Uwan (Fung-wong). These events caused widespread destruction, large-scale displacement, and significant disruption to essential services across multiple regions, placing millions of people in urgent need of humanitarian assistance.
On 30 September 2025, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck off the coast of Bogo City in northern Cebu. The shallow depth of the quake resulted in intense ground shaking, leading to the collapse of homes, damage to roads and bridges, and widespread power outages. Several municipalities, including Daanbantayan, Medellin, San Remigio, Borbon, and parts of Cebu City, were among the hardest hit. According to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC1), more than 217,910 families were affected in Cebu Province alone, with thousands of houses either destroyed or partially damaged. Critical infrastructure such as schools, government buildings, health facilities, and transport networks also sustained significant damage, disrupting access to basic services. Many families were forced to seek temporary shelter in evacuation centres or remain in unsafe living conditions due to limited housing options.
While communities were still coping with the aftermath of the earthquake, Typhoon Tino entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility in early November 2025. The storm rapidly intensified and made multiple landfalls across the Visayas and Palawan, bringing strong winds, heavy rainfall, flooding, and landslides. Large areas of Central Cebu, Mimaropa, the Negros Islands Region, and parts of Caraga experienced severe flooding, further damaging homes, livelihoods, and infrastructure. A total of 1,526,203 families were affected - 263,712 people were displaced and agricultural lands were inundated, affecting food security and income sources for many households.
Shortly after, Super Typhoon Uwan struck Luzon and nearby coastal provinces, causing additional destruction through storm surges, torrential rains, and powerful winds. The typhoon led to widespread flooding in low-lying and coastal areas, damaged hundreds of thousands of houses, and disrupted power, water, transport, and communication services. Pre-emptive evacuations helped reduce casualties, but prolonged displacement and slow restoration of essential services continued to place pressure on affected communities. Uwan affected approximately 2,242,319 families and 355,992 individuals remained displaced.
Overall, an estimated 13 million people needed humanitarian assistance following these compounded disasters. Affected communities continue to face urgent needs in shelter, water and sanitation, health care, food security, and livelihood recovery. The scale and complexity of the crisis underscore the importance of sustained, coordinated, and inclusive humanitarian support to help families recover safely, restore essential services, and rebuild resilient livelihoods.