Pakistan – Situation Report 2: Monsoon Floods, Intersector Coordination Group – November 2025

This report is produced by Inter-sector Coordination Group in collaboration with humanitarian partners. It covers the period from 15 October – 15 November. These reports are issued on monthly basis with the next report scheduled to be published around 15 December.

Situation and Impact

Three months after the 2025 monsoon season, communities continue to face post-flood challenges, including population movements, disease outbreaks, and the onset of early winter conditions. As large numbers of people return to their areas, critical needs persist. Access to safe drinking water remains limited in the most affected districts of Punjab, as many water sources were damaged or contaminated, forcing communities to rely on unsafe alternatives. Food assistance is insufficient, with numerous households left without dry rations after losing stored crops during the floods.

With temperatures beginning to drop, winterization support remains minimal, leaving families unprepared for the cold season. Shelter needs are equally urgent, as returnees confront damaged homes with limited assistance available for repairs or temporary structures. Furthermore, reduced partner presence in Khanewal and parts of Multan continues to constrain coordinated outreach and service delivery.

Against this backdrop, several priority needs have emerged across the affected districts. Communities require urgent rehabilitation of damaged houses alongside emergency shelter assistance to ensure safe living conditions. Winterization kits and heating support are critical to protect families as temperatures decline. Clean drinking water remains a top priority, whether through the repair of damaged water systems or temporary emergency provision. Food security must be strengthened through dry rations and multipurpose cash assistance, while livelihood recovery hinges on the supply of agricultural inputs such as seeds and fertilizers. Livestock vaccination is needed to prevent further losses among animals that remain essential for household income. At the same time, the safe reopening of schools and provision of learning support are vital for minimizing educational disruptions. Households also require mosquito nets to prevent a rise in vector-borne diseases.

The humanitarian response gap analysis from 5Ws reveals significant outreach gaps across various regions and sectors. Punjab province has the largest overall gap, followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan. At the district level, Muzaffargarh (5,544,192), Swat (1,944,240, and Bahawalpur (1,050,781 show the highest shortfalls in reaching vulnerable populations followed by Buner (941,756), and Jhang (900,400). These figures highlight these regions as priority areas for intensified outreach and humanitarian response efforts particularly in stagnant-water areas.

Field Mission – Buner, Swat and Shangla (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)

OCHA conducted a field mission to Buner, Swat, and Shangla to assess the humanitarian impact of the 2025 floods, which destroyed homes, damaged schools, and disrupted livelihoods in already vulnerable communities. Consultations in Buner revealed that the floods swept away household assets and critical social infrastructure, leaving families facing significant losses of both shelter and income. Despite the scale of devastation, affected communities have shown remarkable resilience, with families beginning to rebuild their homes and teachers working to restore a sense of routine and emotional stability for children.

Humanitarian partners remain active across the three districts. In Buner, Save the Children has established Temporary Learning Centres (TLCs) to ensure continuity of education and provide children with safe spaces for learning and psychosocial support. Islamic Relief, Al-Khidmat Foundation, and several local organizations are delivering assistance including cash support, food distributions, cash-for-work opportunities, and essential household supplies, helping families cover immediate needs while contributing to early recovery. While these interventions have provided critical relief, significant needs persist across Buner, Swat, and Shangla. Communities require continued support to rebuild homes, restore livelihoods, rehabilitate damaged infrastructure, and ensure that children and vulnerable groups do not fall further behind. Sustained, coordinated assistance remains essential to help affected households regain stability and dignity as recovery efforts continue.

In Sindh and parts of Punjab, the growing burden of dengue cases is placing additional pressure on already stretched health systems, while extensive agricultural losses in the Kacha areas are compounding food insecurity and creating a need for urgent multisectoral restoration support.

Authorities plan to consult WFP and FAO for technical guidance. OCHA with the support of PDMA and humanitarian partners has conducted a comprehensive study on the Kacha belt along River Indus with the final draft to be shared this week.

In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, displacement remains largely contained to Kurram, where 7000 families have been officially registered and verified by NADRA as of 15 November. No official displacement has been reported from Tirah or Bajaur. Winterization needs are rising, particularly in Swat, where the District Administration has requested winter kits for women and children. UNICEF has agreed to provide these items in coordination with OCHA and district authorities.

Balochistan continues to face compounding challenges. The security situation deteriorated in several districts, with internet outages, school closures, and the temporary closure of the main highway to Islamabad due to escalated activity by Baloch militant groups. Concurrently, PDMA Balochistan reported emerging drought-like conditions, that has activated multiple assessments by IOM, WFP/FAO, and PDMA with partner support.

Protection concerns also remain elevated, especially among Afghan refugees and displaced families who are facing both deteriorating food security and heightened protection risks amid limited coping mechanisms.

Repatriation of Afghan refugees: Between 15 October and 15 November 2025, a total of 61,498 individuals returned to Afghanistan including 43,710 processed through the Voluntary Repatriation Centres (VRCs). On 15 October, the Government of Pakistan de-notified the remaining 27 refugee villages in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Consequently, all refugee villages that previously hosted approximately 397,000 individuals (33% of the PoR cardholder population) were instructed to be vacated with immediate effect, creating significant protection and displacement concerns for refugees. With this decision, all 54 refugee villages across the country have now been de-notified, and the handover of assets to provincial governments is ongoing in accordance with a federal circular. This closure marks the end of a 40-year settlement and aligns with the national deportation policy for undocumented Afghans, which is currently under implementation by the Government of Pakistan.