Attachments
1. Context/Background
Sanghar District, located in the Sindh province of Pakistan, is a region characterized by its agricultural significance and cultural heritage. It is known for its extensive farmland, which benefits from the rainwater and some parts of the district for cultivating crops like cotton, wheat, and sugarcane. The district has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by its diverse ethnic communities and historical sites. The city of Sanghar, the district's administrative center, serves as a hub for local commerce and education. Sanghar is divided into 6 tehsils which are further divided into 70 union councils having different villages. According to the data of Census 2023, 72.8% rural and 27.2% Urban population consist of male individuals and the 72.6% rural and 27.4% urban are females and the literacy rate above 10 years in rural areas of the district is 60.4% male and 41.40% (52.72% for males and 29.32% for females). 28% of the population live in urban areas and the rest in rural. 1 The literacy rate above 10 years states that 63.1% are male and 38.7% are females. The recent 7 th population and Housing census–2023 states that male % is decreased to 50.80% whereas female % is improved to 49.20% in overall district population as compared to the 2017 census. Current average HH size of district Sanghar is 5.67.
Sindh experienced heavy monsoon rain falls in the month of July-August 2024 during different districts. In wake of this rain falls and massive breach of 200 feet2 in Rohri Canal along with two other water distributaries brining 35 villages under the water3 . This has further led to a significant impact on the lives, livelihood and agriculture of the affected community in the affected UCs and damaged almost 14870 Acers agriculture land having banana orchard along with affecting cotton and sugarcane crops. Moreover, this caused an internal displacement of almost 10,000 people (children 4867, women 2471 and men 2186) from their villages. Initially almost of 2658 people internally displaced to these 02 temporary relief camps established by district government including vulnerable 1639 children and 583 women4 . While consulting local communities, it came into knowledge that a total of 19 villages are completely inundated & inaccessible by road with the community relying on traditional boats for essential mobility. Most of the displaced people shifted to temporary shelters and to their nearby relatives. Moreover, they claimed that now number of affected villages tolled up to 50.
SCI, in collaboration with its implementing partner TKF, conducted a multisectoral rapid needs assessment after seeking approval of district administration5 . District administration gave approval to conduct RNA in three of affected UCs Mitho Khoso, Faqir Sher Muhammad Dero, and Kumb Dharo of taluka Tando Adam. After scrutiny of three UCs along with considering ground realties, two most affected union councils (UCs) Mitho Kohso and Faqir Sher Muhamad Dero were selected. SCI with TKF conducted RNA in 06 selected villages by ensuring the gender specific environment be provided for ease of communication.
This report highlights the situation of visited UCs, reflecting the immediate needs of families including girls and boys impacted through Rohri breach. The findings from this RNA will specifically guide SCI, Government, NGO and INGO in designing early response activities for the targeted communities in the affected UCs.