Attachments
RISK ANALYSIS AND EARLY ACTION SELECTION
Prioritized hazard and its historical impact.
Flood is the most severe of the hazards observed in Nepal in terms of physical and socioeconomic losses and destruction. Koshi, Karnali, and Narayani are the major river systems in Nepal, and floods from these large perennial river systems generally impact several districts in the Southern Terai plains. Moreover, rivers such as West Rapti, and Babai Rivers, which originate in the Mahabharat range, do more damage in the Terai floodplains because they frequently generate flash floods during the monsoon. Moreover, the Terai's vulnerable topography, combined with its dependency on agriculture, exacerbates the severity of flood hazards compared to other regions. In 2017, the prolonged rainfall across Nepal from 11-14 August 2017 brought flooding across 31 districts of Nepal. The southern Terai region was particularly affected with an estimated 450,000 people affected by flooding, 43 people were killed. According to the Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission Post Disaster Need Assessment Report (PDNA) 2017, it has been estimated that 41,626 houses were destroyed, and 150,510 houses were damaged by the flooding. Over 126,282 ha of paddy were damaged during the flooding, with higher-value crops such as vegetables and aquaculture also suffering significantly. Moreover, the flooding affected over 812,000 poultry, 9,400 cattle, and 74,000 sheds.
The targeted flood-prone areas are the Terai districts along the flood plains of Karnali, Babai and West Rapti rivers, namely Banke, Bardiya and Kailali. frequently affected due to flooding in the monsoon period. People living along these rivers especially low-lying areas, informal settlements, fragile houses, and those who have lowincome status and a number of dependent family members to care for, are highly vulnerable to flooding; especially during the monsoon (June to September). Major flood disasters took place in 2006, 2008, 2013, 2014 and 2017 that drained Bardiya, Kailali and Banke districts. Particularly, the monsoon of 2014 and 2017 resulted in widespread flooding in Karnali, Babai & West Rapti rivers and brought devastation to several villages and municipalities of Bardiya, Kailali and Banke districts. This flood was caused by excessive rainfall. Flood water inundated most of the infrastructure such as roads; bridges; culverts; local markets; livestock; crops and daily consumables damaged. Highways linking Banke to Bardiya district were blocked due to flood/landslides affecting the daily movement of already affected people. Flooding impacts were also reported in Banke district during the years 2013 and 2019, when the West Rapti river suddenly rose beyond the danger level bringing floods to several municipalities of Banke district. There have also been instances of flood impacts outside the monsoon season, for example, the 2021 October flooding in Karnali Flood that affected several areas of Kailali districts.
NRCS has undertaken extensive household data collection along the flood plains of Karnali, Babai & West Rapti River basins 2021-2022. The analysis shows that 33,794 families are living in Tikapur Municipality, Janaki Rural Municipality, Geruwa Rural Municipality, Rajapur Municipality and Madhuwan Municipality along the Karnali river. Likewise, 25,247 families are living in Barbardiya Municipality, Thakurbaba Municipality, Madhuwan Municipality and Gulariya Municipality along the Babai River. And 21032 families are living in Rapti Sonari Rural Municipality, Duduwa Rural municipality, and Narinapur Rural Municipality along the West Rapti.
Explain which risks have been selected for this protocol and why There is a high possibility of flooding in these river basins where several settlements with dense populations are located along these three rivers. So, in case of any major floods in these river basins following impacts are anticipated across the people living in these areas:
• Loss of lives, injuries and missing
• Displacement of People
• Damage and Destruction to houses.
• Damage to crops and loss of livelihoods.
• Loss of livestock
• Contamination of Drinking water – Waterborne disease outbreak
• Poor Hygiene and Low-Quality Living
• Disruption to critical services – e.g., schools, healthcare, electricity, transport etc.
However, NRCS in consultation with flood-prone municipalities and communities has prioritised the following three impacts of floods which this SEAP aims to minimize through some concrete sets of anticipatory interventions:
1. Loss of lives and livelihoods:
2. Contamination of drinking water leading to water-borne diseases
3. Poor Hygiene and Low-Quality Living (including protection issues) of girls/women of the reproductive age group.