Attachments
With support from the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO) IOM’s Data and Research Unit (DRU) carried out a Household Level Survey with Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) households, returning IDP households and non-displaced resident households in Mandera County. DTM Kenya's Demographic and Displacement Calculator builds on the Mobility Tracking key informant interview methodology. In locations where key informants identified 20 or more displaced households, DTM conducts a randomized household survey, with 95/5 significance at the County level. The multisectoral household survey indicators are in line with global cluster standards, as well as frameworks to measure progress towards durable solutions.
KEY FINDINGS
Over 7x as many respondents were displaced during 2022 and 2023 (44%) as those who reportedly were displaced in 2024 (6%). Among those displaced in 2020-2023, a majority (68%) reported that they were displaced due to conflict and violence (40%) or climate related disasters (28%), highlighting the critical role of environmental and security crises in displacements.
Most displacements in 2023 occurred in the last two quarters, with (68%) of respondents displaced in quarter three (32%) and quarter four (36%), between July-December 2023. The main reason that most respondents left their area of origin was to flee or avoid conflict and violence (37%) such as intercommunal violence, insecurity and armed conflict.
The second most reported driver of displacement was climate-related disasters (28%) such as drought, floods and wildfires.
The most commonly reported pull factor was access to improved standards of living (24%).
Among 1,018 respondents, the majority (64%, n= 652) indicated that they would NOT return to their area of origin even if conditions improved, indicating that many might deem recovery in those areas as impossible. When asked what conditions would need to improve to enable returns, most respondents reported “improved living standards” (20%, n=226) and “access to education” (13%, n=145).