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SITUATION ANALYSIS
Description of the crisis
Mpox spread across the Africa continent was initially noted in 2022 and had been within control until 2024 when the spread affected multiple countries and subsequently being declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by Africa CDC and WHO. As at the close of 2025, at least 22 countries in Africa had reported cases of Mpox with 21 countries getting assistance. Several strains of the virus causing Mpox were identified with laboratory confirmations. The clades circulating are Clade I and Clade II. Both types spread same way and can be prevented using the same methods. Significant reduction of cases was mostly seen in July and August, and this is attributed to the various interventions put in place. Despite this progress, within the same period, a strong resurgence of cases was observed in Western Africa, in particular Guinea, Togo and Sierra Leone, in Kenya and Tanzania in East Africa and in Malawi and Mozambique in Southern Africa. In the cases reported in Guinea, where at least 942 confirmed cases occurred within a very short time, there seemed to be no clear linkage to the clade 2b that is endemic in Nigeria and the strain common in DRC. The crisis, nonetheless, continues to impact lives and livelihoods negatively. In a review that was done by Africa CDC and WHO following the successful interventions that had been undertaken, the Mpox situation was reclassified a from Public Health Emergency of Concern to Grade Three Disease Outbreak. No further classification has been done since September 2025 but the disease remains to be a threat to the continent with new or recurring infections and hence of interest to governments and partners including the IFRC and National Societies.