Attachments
Executive Summary
For over forty years, Iraq has been a focal point for international humanitarian response, driven by recurring cycles of war, displacement, and political instability. From the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s to the US-led invasion in 2003 and the rise of Daesh in 2014, Iraq has endured continuous emergencies. These crises have triggered multiple waves of displacement, most notably between 2014 and 2017, when nearly six million Iraqis — around 16% of the population — were uprooted by the conflict with Daesh. In response, the humanitarian infrastructure in Iraq has expanded significantly. International NGOs, UN agencies, and donors have poured into the country, often partnering with Iraqi actors but rarely placing them in positions of real leadership or decision-making. Despite decades of external aid and a vibrant local civil society — including a surge in local NGO activity post-2003 — progress toward localisation has been limited. The humanitarian system in Iraq remains largely internationally driven.