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Context
On 20 March 2025, headcount slips for an estimated 2 million Afghans in Iran expired, after which the Government introduced a regularization and return scheme, requiring slip holders to undergo assessments to determine whether they can remain.
Since then, returns have increased significantly. In 2025, more than 1.9 million Afghans returned or were deported from Iran – many not by choice. In 2026, a further 152,100 Afghans have returned. These large-scale returns are placing pressure on basic services, housing and livelihoods in Afghanistan, straining host communities and increasing the risks of instability and onward movement.
At the same time, escalating hostilities across Asia and the Middle East since 28 February 2026 have further compounded the situation. Government estimates that up to 3.2 million individuals have temporarily left their homes in search of safety. As one of the largest refugee-hosting countries in the region, Iran is facing growing pressure amid rising humanitarian needs, highlighting the need for flexible and sustained support.