Haiti: Earthquake -12-month Operation Update, Emergency Appeal №: MDRHT018

Summary:

The Haiti Red Cross Society (HRCS) advanced with relief and response efforts to support the public authorities in the response actions after the 14 August 2021 earthquake. The population of Haiti continues to face a deterioration of humanitarian conditions, civil unrest, and insecurity.

Despite the multiple and complex challenges, the different teams of the Red Cross Movement are delivering key humanitarian assistance to the population targeted by this appeal, including:

Shelter:

• 27,150 people (5,430 households) reached through household items or multi-sector family kits that contained 2 tarpaulins, 1 shelter tool kit, 2 blankets, 2 long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN), 1 hygiene kit, 2 jerry cans and 1 bucket.

Health:

• 6,696 people reached by Red Cross Emergency Hospital services in Les Cayes from 29 August until 30 November 2021 with deployments from the Finnish Red Cross, supported by the Canadian Red Cross, French Red Cross, German Red Cross, Japanese Red Cross and Swedish Red Cross, and the Hong Kong Branch of Red Cross Society of China:

• 5,682 outpatient consultations

• 1,014 of in-patient admissions

• 92 surgeries performed

• 115 deliveries (278 antenatal consultations)

• 152 physiotherapy visits.

WASH:

• Rehabilitation of 4 Systeme D’Adduction D’eau Potable or Potable Water Supply Systems (SAEPs) in the South Department (Maniche, Camp Perrin, Chardonnieres, Chantal and Torbeck)

• Hygiene promotion services in schools that receive their water supply through one of the rehabilitated SAEP systems:

• Ecole Nationale de Dory (Ménard, Maniche) Sud

• Ecole Nationale de Tiby (Civette, Camp Perrin) - Sud

• Ecole Presbyterale de Tuffet (Torbeck) - Sud

• Ecole Nationale de Ducis (Torbeck) – Sud

• Ecole Nationale de Fond Ycaque (Corail) – Grand’Anse.

• During the emergency phase alone, 4,280 people received WASH support

• 10,782 people reached with Hygiene Kits

• 13,527 people benefited from hygiene promotion activities

PGI:

• 287 girls, boys, women, and men reached by Sexual Gender Based Violence - Policy on Prevention and Response to Sexual Exploitation (SGBV-PSEA) prevention messages

Migration:

• 25 people reached through RFL activities implemented by ICRC

National Society Strengthening

• Occupational and operational security expertise delivered in-person and remotely by IFRC to support the HRCS and Partner National Societies in-country decision making.

Effective and coordinated international disaster response

• 119 international rapid response (through Emergency Response Units) deployed to Haiti Summary of major revisions made to emergency plan of action:

• The emergency budget as well as the Plan of Action have not changed, but the operational budget has been revised to reflect the additional funding (specially from American Red Cross to support WASH activities).

• The WASH response has been further agreed for implementation through the Netherlands Red Cross expertise and country presence, with financing from the American Red Cross pledge. Due to this change, the implementation of WASH initiatives is on track.

Nevertheless, the context in Haiti has been consistently deteriorating since August 2021. The multiple challenges – fuel shortage, exacerbating security situation and steep inflation – has led to a small delay in the implementation of the WASH project as reflected in the following changes:

• The first phase of the WASH rehabilitation in the Sud Department has taken an additional month of implementation. In November 2021, the activities have been put on hold for a few weeks due to the fuel shortage and security context in country. Even though initially the first phase of rehabilitation was planned to be finalized by end of December 2021, some final actions were finalized in January 2022.

• The continued and exacerbating security situation around Martissant, Port au Prince is highly affecting the availability of goods in the Southern Peninsula. Moreover, there is a continued and steep inflation of the Haitian Gourdes (HTG). The combination of these factors has led to a steep increase in prices in the market. The NLRC has therefore decided to limit the intervention in schools in the Sud Department to four schools.

• The start of the second phase was delayed due to a delay in signature of the agreement with the water authority OREPA Sud. Initially, the project duration was set as 12 months, however the above mentioned reasons in combination with the summer closure of schools in July and August have led the NLRC to extend the implementation period of the project until 30 September 2022.

A. SITUATION ANALYSIS

Description of the disaster

The 7.2-magnitude earthquake on 14 August 2021, with its epicentre 13 km southeast of Petit Troup de Nippes (Nippes department) had a severe impact on Haiti’s departments of Sud, Nippes and Grand ‘Anse. The Haitian General Directorate of Civil Protection (DGPC) reported 2,248 deaths, and 12,763 injured people. This institution has identified 53,815 destroyed homes and 83,770 damaged homes.

Following the 14 August earthquake, more than 900 aftershocks have been registered; of these, 400 have had a magnitude of 3 or more. This includes a 4.85 magnitude aftershock on 18 August that provoked the collapse of already damaged structures. Following the rapid assessment done by the Haitian departmental health directorates, with PAHO/ WHO support, a total of 88 health centres have been identified as severely damaged (28) and slightly damaged (60). According to a satellite assessment by the World Bank, quoted by the DGPC, the country has approximately 1.5 billion US dollars (or 10 per cent of Haiti’s gross domestic product) in economic damage and losses.

Independent of the wide range of figures, the humanitarian needs continue increasing and do not indicate signs of abating. The REACH resource centre assessment conducted with ACTED reports 14,790 displaced people in Camp-Perrin, Cavaillon, L'Asile, Maniche and Peste communes. This population is distributed in 87 different sites, of which 30 have more than 100 people. This figure is substantially higher than the IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix for Haiti, that reports 1,644 people (602 families) displaced due to the earthquake; of these 489 families (1,256 people) are in Sud department and 113 families (388 people) in Grand ‘Anse department. The internally displaced population in the two departments is located in 24 evacuation centres (22 in Sud and 2 in Grand ‘Anse) and 12 regrouping centres (9 in Sud and 3 in Grand ‘Anse). The DTM does not report displacement figures for Nippes.

The risk of hurricanes and tropical storms remain latent in Haiti. Atlantic hurricane season that spans from 1 June to 30 November has its peak months between August and October.

The Government of Haiti requested support for food, health, shelter, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) needs for the affected population in Sud, Nippes, and Grand ‘Anse departments. On 15 August, the Office of the Prime Minister provided a list of requested goods, later further detailed by the Ministry of Public Health and Population (MSSP), ordered from the international community. The DGPC concluded its first phase of emergency response actions on 3 September. This report estimated the affected population as at over 690,000 people and informs that the search and rescue activities ended, and actions are shifting to recovery.

This emergency response operation is being implemented amidst a sensitive and volatile security context. While there was a respite from blocked roads by non-State armed actors and a decrease in the looting of goods in transit to the most affected areas, reports indicate a new upturn of security incidents. This situation continues to challenge the Red Cross to remain efficient and effective.

During late January and early February 2022, heavy rainfalls hit several departments of the country notably the North, the Northeast and the Nippes departments. According to Directorate General of Civil Protection (DGPC), at least 20 municipalities were affected by floods caused by overflows from some rivers. Consequently, 2,578 houses flooded and 3 destroyed, leaving nearly 10,750 people (2,500 families) in need of temporary shelter (disaster families) as well as food, NFIs, and drinking water. Furthermore, damage to road infrastructure has hampered humanitarian access.

Haitians continue to face adversity, and many are leaving the country daily despite the ongoing deportations from neighbouring Dominican Republic and the United States. As stated by Human Rights Watch, 49 people were interviewed during a visit to Haiti in December 2021(including 9 Haitians expelled from the US and the Dominican Republic, representatives of UN agencies, civil society members; and Haitian justice and executive branch officials). This article refers to the multiple complexities Haitians are still facing and the imminent situation surrounding the deportations: “From 1 January 2021 through 26 February 2022, 25,765 people were expelled or deported to Haiti, data collected by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) show. Of those, the US returned 79 percent (20,309 people) while The Bahamas, Cuba, Turks and Caicos Islands, Mexico, and other countries returned the rest.” Furthermore, the official data of the Government of Panama indicates that 89,311 Haitian migrants crossed the Darien Gap between January 2021 and August 2022.

According to the ACAPS complex crisis update from 16 February 2022, “reporting indicates SGBV including rape has been used in recent months to intimidate and control local populations, mainly affecting children, adolescents, and women. Survivors have been reporting SGBV in conjunction with other forms of violence such as kidnapping. SGBV is often invisible and underreported, due to shame, stigmatisation, fear of reprisals, and mobility restrictions for survivors. Recent data is unavailable; however, from 2017 to 2021 at least 7,000 people, half of them under the age of 18, presented for SGBV treatment in health clinics. Insecurity and targeted threats against humanitarian workers have limited the provision of the specialised mental and physical health services that SGBV survivors need.”

The living conditions continue to deteriorate in Haiti’s. Since late August 2022, fuel shortages continue limiting the already precarious situation of the people. Following the Government’s decision to raise the price of fuel, a high tension has erupted all over the country with violent demonstrations which have again paralyzed all activities for the weeks. Civil unrest continues with burned tires, looting, kidnapping, gang violence and even deaths. On 16 September, the warehouses of WFP and Caritas were looted in Gonaives where protestors took stocks of rice, cooking oil, generators, furniture and other items. Multiple businesses, banks, and government offices have been looted, burned partly or entirely. The demonstrators urged the Government to keep subsidizing the fuel price due to other problems of famine and insecurity the country is already facing.

The HRCS, the IFRC and Red Cross partners in Haiti, as well as other humanitarian actors continue to support the response to the effects of the August 2021 Earthquake whenever necessary. The IFRC Go page for the Haiti: Earthquake contains information from the field, as well as informative materials and documents regarding the Haiti Red Cross Society-led response operation.