Attachments
Reporting Period September 2018
Active Flow Monitoring Network
- Djibouti 10 FMPs
- Ethiopia 9 FMPs
- Somalia 7 FMPs
- South Sudan 3 FMPs
- Uganda 4 FMPs
A network of 33 Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) is currently operational in five countries.
Flow monitoring was conducted through 10 points in Djibouti, and Flow Monitoring Surveys (FMS) were initiated in 7 select locations in the country. In Ethiopia, flow monitoring data collection for both registry and survey continued through 9 FMPs at various official and unofficial border crossing points around the country.
Somalia continued flow monitoring activities through FMPs in 7 locations, as well as FMS data collection.
In South Sudan, flow monitoring activities were carried out at 3 FMPs in Wau Town (2 FMPs) and Abyei (1 FMP). Displacement site flow monitoring was carried out at 8 entry and exit points to track movements in and out of Protection of Civilian (PoC) sites and collective sites in Malakal and Wau.
Flow monitoring in Uganda continued in September through the 4 FMPs located along the border with South Sudan in close coordination with the DTM South Sudan team. The DTM team in Uganda is in coordination with the government of the country in order to finalize plans for FMPs that are to be established along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The DTM team in Burundi carried out location assessments in areas of high mobility along the border with the United Republic of Tanzania in August. Flow monitoring activities will be launched in the region in the coming weeks.
Regionally, a total of 73,499 individuals were observed at the FMPs during the month of September 2018, of which the majority (69,441 or 94.48%) were observed in the countries in the Horn of Africa (Djibouti, Ethiopia and Somalia). The majority of these individuals were Ethiopian (59.6%) and Somali (30.7%) nationals. 24.9 per cent of individuals intended to travel to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which is almost twice as much as what was reported in August (15%). However, another 12.4 percent reported their intention of traveling to Yemen and Djibouti, which is lower than the 21 per cent reported in the previous month, and those traveling to these two countries often intend to go onwards to KSA. A further 34 per cent (similar to the previous month) intended to travel to Somalia, while 21.4 per cent reported traveling to Ethiopia.
In Djibouti, during the reporting period, 16,452 migrants were observed at the 10 FMPs, which represents a 31 per cent decrease from the 23,874 individuals identified in the previous month. Similar to the previous month, the majority of migrants were Ethiopian nationals (88%), and most (70%) were headed towards the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which represents a larger share than the 53.5 per cent who had indicated travelling to KSA in August 2018. In a trend that is typical for migrants in Djibouti, the majority of migrants were adult males (59%), and 17 per cent were children, down from the 30 per cent observed in August 2018. Economic migration for a period of time greater than six months was the most commonly cited motivation for migration (indicated by 78% of individuals), followed by tourism (11%) and short term economic migration (10%). Most migrants moved on foot (45%), by private vehicle (37%) and by truck (11%).
In Ethiopia, during the reporting period, 26,777 migrants were observed through 9 FMPs, which represents a 23 per cent decrease from the 34,747 migrants observed in August 2018. This represents a normalization of flows, as the localized conflict, that spurred the increase observed in the previous month, deescalated. The majority of the migrants observed were Ethiopian nationals (66%, similar to what was observed in August), while 25.4 per cent were Somali nationals (an increase from 17% the previous month), and other nationalities made up the remaining 8.5 per cent. Similarly, most migrants were outgoing, traveling out of Ethiopia (61.4%, up from 56% in the previous month), while the remaining were incoming migrants (38.5%) or internal migrants (0.13%). Most of the incoming migrants were traveling from Somalia (21.75%, up from 15.5% last month) or Sudan (23.1%), while 7 per cent were from Eritrea, 5 per cent from Djibouti (down from 21% last month), and the remaining 8.6 per cent from various other countries. In terms of intended destinations, most of the outgoing flows were heading to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (21.6%, which is a significant increase from the previous month), Somalia (16.25%, down from 28% the previous month), Djibouti (6.8%, down from 12.5% last month), Sudan (4.8%, similar to 4% last month), or Kenya (3.15%) with the remaining 8.8 per cent heading to various other countries.
The majority of the migrants were adult men (46.9%, an increase from 35% in July) while 22 per cent were children (a substantial decrease from the 30.5% reported in August 2018). The volume of vulnerabilities observed in the region has decreased slightly in the current month as there is a lessening of the intercommunal conflicts that were ongoing in August. Of the total number of children, 1,852 (6.92% of migrants) were children under the age of 5, and 4.64 per cent of migrants were unaccompanied children, which is almost twice the number seen in the previous month.
Economic migration was still the most commonly cited reason for migration (47.6%, which is a significant increase from the previous month), followed by short term local movement (20.3%, up from 5.1%), forced movement due to conflict (13.5%) and forced movement due to natural disasters (12.5%). Most migrants were traveling by bus or other land vehicles (cars or trucks) (92.6%).
In Somalia, during the reporting period, 26,212 migrants were observed at the FMPs. This represents a significant decrease in comparison with August when 34,219 movements were observed; the decrease is attributed to the closure of five FMPs as well as the decrease of movements in Bossasso and, to a lesser extent, Buuhoodle. The great majority of flows identified (68%) were incoming in comparison with the 32 per cent outgoing; these proportions are similar to August observations, though August had slightly higher outgoing migration (44%). Like for the past months, Harirad Flow Monitoring Point (Awdal region at the border with Ethiopia) recorded the highest levels of incoming flows for September, while Bossasso continued to record the highest number of outgoing flows. Migrants identified were mostly Somali (55%), Ethiopian (35%) and Djiboutian (9%) nationals. Most migrants intended to travel back to Somalia (68%, an increase from 56% the previous month), while 10 per cent indicated wanting to cross the Gulf of Aden and travel to Yemen (a decrease from the 28% seen in August 2018), while a slightly higher proportion intended to travel to Ethiopia (12%) or Djibouti (5.3%). Similar to previous months, and contrary to regional trends, migrants were evenly divided in terms of age and sex, with 38 per cent children (13% under 5 years of age, and 9% unaccompanied children) and 62 per cent adults (33% males and 29% females). The largest share of observed flows was forced movement due to conflict (31.3%) and/or were undertaking seasonal migration (23%).
South Sudan measures mixed migration flows at transportation hubs inside the country and at its borders with Sudan and Uganda. During the month of September 2018 1,327 migrants were observed in total at three transit hub FMPs in South Sudan, 241 of whom were observed at the FMP in Abyei and 1,086 of whom were observed at the two FMPs in Wau Town. This represents a 32.7 per cent decrease in the number of identified individuals when compared to August 2018.
Most of the migrants tracked at the FMPs were coming from South Sudan (90.6%), and were traveling to South Sudan (72.4%), while the remaining were traveling to Sudan (27.3%) or Uganda (0.3%). Most individuals tracked going to Sudan were observed at the Abyei FMP, while those observed at the Wau FMPs were largely internal migrants, and their intended destination was most likely in South Sudan. The clear majority of migrants (92%) tracked at the FMPs in Abyei and Wau Town were South Sudanese, while 6 per cent were Sudanese nationals (the remaining 1.5% came from various other countries in the region). Reasons for migration in Abyei were primarily to seek better health care facilities (46.5%) followed by uncomfortable living conditions (17.8%), while most of the migration flows tracked in Wau Town (71.4%) were driven by reasons related to short term local movement of 6 months or less (14.2% were conducting seasonal migration). 39.6 per cent of observed migrants were women (compared to 46% the previous month) and 26 per cent were children (compared to 29% the previous month).
Flow monitoring continued in Uganda during the month of September 2018, and a total of 2,731 migrants were observed through 4 FMPs along the border with South Sudan – an increase of 17.4 per cent when compared to the previous month. 26 per cent of the migrants (708 individuals) were traveling from South Sudan, while 74 per cent (2,023 individuals) were traveling from Uganda. Most of the migrants were traveling into South Sudan (73.9%, or 2018 individuals), while the rest were traveling to Uganda (22.1%, or 713 individuals). Almost all migrants observed (99.6%) were South Sudanese nationals, while the remaining were Ugandan nationals (10 migrants). The sex disaggregation was even, with 52.2 per cent of the total migrant population being female and 47.8 per cent male. 34.4 per cent of migrants observed crossing the border were children, including 548 (20.1% of all migrants) who were under 5 years of age. During the month of September, most of the migration flows observed in and out of Uganda were short term local movements (of 6 months or less) (71.6%), while 9.6 per cent of movements were induced by natural disaster (mostly food insecurity), and 5.7 per cent by conflict, which is a decrease from 10.6 per cent in the previous month.