Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP): Horn of Africa 2006

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In November 2005, early warning systems indicated that erratic and insufficient rainfall trends throughout the Horn of Africa were likely to lead to reduced water, pasture and food availability in a number of areas in the region. Pastoralist or agro-pastoralist communities, who remain among the region’s poorest and most vulnerable due to successive shocks and structural problems, were identified to be most at risk. By early 2006, it became increasingly evident that the situation was as serious if not worse than initial predictions. Assessments revealed that both the scale and severity of the situation escalated dramatically in a few months. To date the number of people estimated to be at risk in the Horn of Africa is over 15 million, of which more than 8 million have been identified as being in need of urgent emergency assistance.

The current situation is the result of a combination of contextual and structural factors that have contributed to chronic livelihood insecurity, asset depletion and long-term vulnerability to shocks. The situation varies in its specificities between countries and areas but largely exhibits the same characteristics and requires similar response. The border areas of southern Ethiopia, northern and northeastern Kenya, and southern Somalia – areas linked by ethnic affiliations, livelihood structures, and fluid population and livestock movements – are the worst-hit areas in terms of both severity and scale. This zone has been identified as being at moderate to high risk of famine within the next six months. (1) In Djibouti and some coastal areas of Eritrea, insufficient rainfall has also had a significant impact.

In response to the deep concern of the international community over the current drought situation, the UN Secretary General appointed Mr. Kjell Magne Bondevik as the Special Humanitarian Envoy for the Horn of Africa in February 2006. During a visit to the region from 22-23 February 2006, Mr. Bondevick met with representatives from the United Nations (UN) country teams in the drought-affected countries, whereupon it was decided that a regional approach to the drought situation was urgently required. As a first step, a regional Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP) was launched to complement country-level resource mobilisation and strategic plans. The regional approach recognises the need for equity of response between all of the affected countries in order to minimise pull factors between countries. It seeks to develop regional coordination mechanisms and to spur international attention and support to the current situation in the region.

The regional CAP was developed by UN agencies, international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), and international organisations in consultation with the concerned governments and donors both at country and regional levels. The strategy outlined in this document aims to respond to urgent life-saving needs for those currently affected, while at the same time reflecting the growing recognition of the need to address structural causes of vulnerability to recurrent drought and food insecurity. Regional response plans have been elaborated across nine sectors in an effort to build a holistic and collaborative approach. Country teams have been encouraged to use the cluster approach, where appropriate, to respond and coordinate the drought response.

The 2006 CAP for the Horn of Africa requests US$ 425,747,076 (2) for 2006 of which $99,029,036 is in support of regional programmes and country-specific projects in Djibouti, Eritrea, and Kenya in nine sectors, and $326.7 million reflect requirements in the revised Somalia CAP.(3) Generous support from donor countries has already facilitated a response to the current crisis in the region through an allocation of $30 million from the recently enhanced Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), with an initial tranche of $13.6 million, an additional $11.4 million in the pipeline, and $5 million in reserve for unforeseen needs. Funds have been allocated for initiatives in water and sanitation, health and nutrition, and food and livelihood security in the drought-affected countries. The requirements in this CAP take into account the CERF allocation of $30 million.

Footnotes:

(1) The characteristics of famine include an excess of 5,000 deaths, crude mortality rates of 4 per 10,000 per day, complete asset loss and livelihood collapse. See Annex II: FAO/FSAU Integrated Food Security Phase Classification Table for more information.

(2) All dollar figures in this document are United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS, fts@reliefweb.int), which will display its requirements and funding on the CAP 2006 page. (The revised Somalia requirements and funding will be displayed under “Somalia 2006”on FTS.)

(3) Outside the Consolidated Appeals Process, the Humanitarian Appeal for Ethiopia is requesting $166 million in emergency food and non-food assistance. In Kenya, the government in collaboration with UN agencies launched an Appeal for Emergency Assistance whose food requirement is $222 million.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• Table I: Summary of Requirements – By Sector and By Appealing Organisation
• Table I: Somalia Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges per Appealing Organisation
• Table II: Somalia Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges per Sector

2. PASTORALISM AND DROUGHT

3. THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN

3.1 THE CONTEXT AND ITS HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES

3.1a The Context
3.1b Humanitarian Consequences

• Table A. Number of People Affected by Country in the Horn of Africa

3.3 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE

3.4 SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS

3.5 RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER RESOURCE MOBILISATION MECHANISM AND STRATEGIC PLANS INCLUDING GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

4. STRATEGIC MONITORING PLAN

• Table II: Listing of Project Activities – By Sector

ANNEX I: GREATER HORN OF AFRICA, CURRENT FOOD SECURITY STATUS (MARCH 2005)

ANNEX II: INTEGRATED FOOD SECURITY AND HUMANITARIAN PHASE CLASSIFICATION REFERENCE TABLE

ANNEX III. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

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