Attachments
This literature review explores how mineral wealth is being used as leverage in international diplomacy and conflict dynamics. It compares state-driven resource strategies—such as reported U.S. proposals linking security aid to mineral access in Ukraine and the DRC—with non-state models exemplified by the Wagner Group/Africa Corps in Mali, the Central African Republic, and Libya. The review reveals profound impacts on sovereignty, sustainable development, and human rights, particularly where opaque resource-for-security deals fuel conflict economies. It calls for international legal frameworks to better address the governance challenges posed by this nexus of power, resources, and private militarization