Attachments
Key Messages:
• The outbreak of violence caused by non-state armed groups (NSAGs) in the Catatumbo region has exacerbated an ongoing humanitarian crisis, heightening the need for both emergency and long-term solutions to stabilise the region.
• Mass displacement and restricted access compounds risks and needs of the population, especially those confined in remote locations facing violence, food insecurity, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) needs.
• Access to the Catatumbo region remains a critical gap in the response to ongoing conflict in the region. Low state and humanitarian presence expose populations, many of which are rural, to violence, illegal occupation and recruitment by NSAGs. Individuals and families have been forced to flee with minimal belongings to overcrowded urban centres, exposing them to additional security and health risks.
• The crisis poses heightened risks for vulnerable groups, including children, peace agreement signatories and social leaders who are especially targeted with violence.
Escalating violence in Catatumbo, Norte de Santander
An intensification of fighting between two NSAGs in Norte de Santander has resulted in at least 80 civilian deaths and the displacement of 51,938 people. Since 16 January 2025, 6 peace agreement signatories have been killed, and disappearances and illegal home occupations have been reported in the Catatumbo region. The crisis follows years of conflict and the recent suspension of “Total Peace” talks with one of the NSAGs involved.
Catatumbo, bordering Venezuela, remains a battleground for territorial control among armed groups, vital for mining, coca production, and illicit trafficking through Venezuela. Between 1 January 2021 and 30 September 2024, 54,784 forced displacements were recorded in the department.
In response to the clashes and subsequent humanitarian crisis, the presidency declared a “state of commotion” in the Catatumbo region and deployed rapid force units to Ocaña, Norte de Santander.
This brief draws on secondary data from rapid assessments in Catatumbo and other areas in Norte de Santander, highlighting urgent humanitarian needs, access limitations, and the necessity of coordinated response efforts.