Attachments
SUMMARY OF CRISIS AND KEY FINDINGS
Chad is consistently facing multidimensional crises including conflict induced displacements, nutritional crisis, natural disasters due to climate changes, epidemics, economic crisis, and political instability.3 Chad is at the centre of the Sudan refugee crisis and its profound impact on health. Since the start of the conflict in April 2023, over 760 000 refugees and more than 220 000 Chadian returnees have entered eastern Chad (as of February 2025).
The refugees live in numerous formal and informal camps located in nine health districts across the provinces of Ennedi East, Ouaddaï, Sila, and Wadi-Fira.5 In the camps, access to essential health services is disrupted due to difficult physical access and limited human and material resources. Malaria, acute respiratory infections, watery diarrhea, and malnutrition remain the most common health issues. This humanitarian situation is exacerbated by outbreaks of measles, chickenpox, hepatitis E, and yellow fever.6
More broadly, the number of vulnerable people in Chad has increased from 4.7 million in 2017 to 07 million in need for humanitarian assistance in 2025.7 The nutritional situation remains alarming in Chad. The 2024 SMART (Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions) survey found a prevalence of global acute malnutrition in children under age five years of 10.8%, and the prevalence of severe wasting is 2.1%. An estimated 2.1 million children aged six to 59 months suffer from wasting and require treatment.8
The security situation in eastern Chad was relatively calm in December 2024, except for volatility in the border areas between Wadi-Fira and Darfur. Crime remains a security challenge but the electoral campaign for legislative and municipal elections took place without significant incidents. This persistent insecurity and the worsening humanitarian crisis suggest the likelihood of additional new displacements.
In 2024, a total of 7.5 million people were affected by flooding across 18 countries in West and Central Africa. Chad was the hardest hit, with 1.9 million affected people.10 Since the end of July 2024, torrential rains in Chad caused flooding in all 23 provinces of Chad. Approximately 10% of the country’s population, almost 2 million people, were affected by these floods as of 15 October 2024, including 576 deaths.11 The floods, coupled with the influx of Sudanese refugees and Chadian returnees, have strained the healthcare system, leading to shortages of essential reproductive health supplies, disrupting access, and increasing protection and maternal mortality risks.12
Apart from the Sudan refugee crisis in east Chad, there are several conflicts and grievances throughout the country.13 Notably the Lac province in west Chad has experienced a protracted crisis since 2013 when armed groups linked to Boko Haram became active in the region, leaving more than one million displaced.14 Intra-communal violence also occurs across Chad, with 81% of incidents recorded occurring in the south.