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The return of Afghan refugees from Pakistan and Iran marks a critical moment as thousands of Afghans continue to arrive amidst ongoing uncertainty. Many of these returnees previously fled their homeland due to decades of conflict and instability, seeking safety and opportunities across the border. This return is happening at a time when Afghanistan is grappling with a multitude of humanitarian crises, such as natural disasters, unemployment, and economic decline.
Between 4th and 5th July 2025, Islamic Relief Worldwide (IRW) – Afghanistan, conducted a Rapid Needs Assessment (RNA) targeting Afghan returnees from Iran at the Islam Qala border in Herat province. The assessment employed a random sampling method, interviewing every 10th returnee crossing the border and who had already entered Afghanistan, ensuring representativeness.
The assessment involved 81 individuals (48% female, 52% male) and incorporated Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with humanitarian stakeholders to triangulate findings. The assessment revealed a severe humanitarian crisis, with urgent unmet needs in shelter, WASH, food security, health, protection, livelihoods, and education. For instance, 88% of the returnees reported insufficient and unsafe water, 83% lacked access to health services, 100% needed items such as blankets, kitchen utensils, and clothing, and 68% of households had no income to support themselves.
This needs assessment is an essential resource for understanding the current situation and challenges faced by Afghan returnees from Iran. We believe the findings will go a long way in assisting humanitarian partners, local authorities, and donors to make informed decisions about a tailored response, ensuring the successful and seamless integration of returnees into society.