An international workshop with 105 participants from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), industry, United States Government, academia, and development assistance agencies was held to discuss and recommend strategies to improve the nutritional quality of diets for refugees and displaced persons in emergency and relief situations. Over the past two decades, frequently cited evidence has drawn attention to the inadequate levels of calories, vitamins, and minerals in food aid, and nutritional deficiency diseases are still too often prevalent in relief situations.