This set of Field Guidelines is intended to provide guidance to humanitarian practitioners in identifying and measuring possible humanitarian consequences of sanctions. The sanctions assessment methodology presented in the book can be applied in advance of, during or following sanctions, and aims to address two key challenges associated with humanitarian assessments under sanctions: accurate evaluation of the current status of humanitarian conditions, and separation of the effects of sanctions on health and well-being from those due to other causes.

This study seeks to address the two following questions: (1) What are the key factors which influence the behaviour of bearers of weapons so that they respect or violate IHL in any given situation? (2) Do prevention strategies drawn up by the ICRC take due account of the answers given to the foregoing question?

The document focuses mainly on psychosociological factors universally present in any group of armed combatants taking part in a war, such as the influence of the group, integration within a hierarchy and moral disengagement.

The study sought to contribute

This book highlights the gender dimensions of conflict, organized around major relevant themes such as female combatants, sexual violence, formal and informal peace processes, the legal framework, work, the rehabilitation of social services and community-driven development. It analyzes how conflict changes gender roles and the policy options that might be considered to build on positive aspects while minimizing adverse changes. The suggested policy options and approaches aim to take advantage of the opportunity afforded by violent conflict to encourage change and build more inclusive

This document contains information about the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. UNAIDS is the main advocate for global action on the epidemic. The document is divided as follows:

• UNAIDS: a unique response
• Supporting Countries
• Leadership
• The Global Reference For AIDS Policy
• Monitoring And Evaluation
• A Joint Effort
• Mobilizing Resources
  

The purpose of this document is to explain UNAIDS's role within the context of HIV/AIDS.

The availability of small arms and light weapons in war-torn countries poses a grave danger to civilian populations. Humanitarian workers and agencies are faced with these consequences every day - indeed they themselves are increasingly caught in the line of fire. Yet, it is not always understood just how pervasive its effects are - affecting provision of aid, inhibiting access to homes and health care, destroying communities, enabling the enlisting of child soldiers and facilitating violence against women.

This call to action presents an accessible

Zwi AB (2004) How Should the Health Community Respond to Violent Political Conflict? PLoS Med 1(1): e14

Violent political conflict, and its impact, is again on the front pages-in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Sudan. Such emergencies have a direct impact on health. They also impair the functioning of health systems through, for example, destruction of infrastructure (such as clinics and vehicles), reduced access to medicines, death of health workers, and weakened national capacity for health policy-making. Such violent political conflicts stir us-the global health community-to discover