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China + 5 others
Avian influenza: assessing the pandemic threat

Due to the large file size, please allow extra time for downloading
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Uganda: Affected districts as of March 2005

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs:

To learn more about OCHA's activities, please visit http://unocha.org/.

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A haunting figure: The hostage through the ages

Report
ICRC
Today the status of "hostage" is a combination of both categories taken to extremes. Though chosen for pecuniary, symbolic or political reasons, hostages are generally mistreated. They are in fact both the reflection and the favoured instrument of a major moral dichotomy: that of the increasing globalization of European and American principles and the resultant opposition to it - an opposition that plays precisely on the western adherence to human and democratic values. In the eyes of his countrymen, the hostage thus becomes the very personification of the
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A Comprehensive Strategy to Eliminate Future Sexual Exploitation and Abuse in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations

The report analyzes the problem of sexual exploitation and abuse by United Nations peacekeeping personnel. Prince Zeid drew on extensive consultations with Secretariat officials and representatives of the troop and he focuses on four main areas of concern:

=B7 The current rules on standards of conduct
=B7 The investigative process
=B7 Organizational, managerial and command responsibility
=B7 Individual disciplinary, financial and criminal accountability

Since the problem of sexual exploitation
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ECHO Annual Review 2004 : When Disaster Strikes

This annual report for the year 2004 considers humanitarian crises worldwide. In addition to examining key events, its special features look back at the response to the Indian Ocean tsunami and how "Sudan, a forgotten crisis enters the limelight". Other features include:

- ECHO at work: in brief, global reach, facts and figures
- People: Burma / Myanmar, Palestinian Territories, Angola
- Crises zones: DR Congo, Iraq
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Disaster psychosocial response: Handbook for community counselor trainers

"Disaster psychosocial response: Handbook for community counselor trainers" was developed as a guide to psychosocial interventions in the aftermath of the December 2004 tsunami. The concept of Community Counselors was developed as a potential tool for dealing with the complex task of identifying those displaying the effects of psychological trauma from within the community, taking into account the needs of special groups such as children and the elderly, and providing "psychological
first-aid" and counsel to them at the community level in a culturally appropriate manner.
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Prevention/Protection and Mitigation from Risk of Tsunami Disasters

This concept note is prepared in the wake of the Tsunami Disaster of Dec. 26th, 2004 covering several countries of north Indian Ocean and various States/Union Territories (UT) of India. It is proposed to be discussed in an inter-ministerial meeting of relevant Ministries/Departments for appropriate action by all concerned.

It covers the following topics:

=B7 Tsunami Characteristics
=B7 Do's & Don'ts in pre, during, and post-tsunami time phases
=B7 Tsunami Risk in India and its Assessment in any given area
=B7 Multi-hazard

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Civil Power and Electoral Politics

Report
Freedom House
This document analyses the degree of freedom enjoyed by the individuals in the various countries of the World. It is divided into the following sections:

- Regional trends
- The relationship between freedom and terrorism
- The fate of illiberal democracies: do elections really not matter?
- Foreign aid: creating incentives for liberalization
- Conclusions: the lessons of 2004.

This document is based on the 2004 Freedom in the World survey, performed by the Freedom House.
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Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law - A Contribution to the Understanding and Respect for the Rule of Law in Armed Conflict

Report
ICRC
This article explains the rationale behind a study on customary international humanitarian law recently undertaken by the ICRC at the request of the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

It describes the methodology used and how the study was organized and summarizes some major findings. It does not, however, purport to provide a complete overview or analysis of these findings.
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Talking Peace in a Time of Terror: United Nations Mediation and Collective Security

The High-level Panel's on Threats, Challenges and Change emphasizes the political dialogue as a strategic security priority in today's climate. It identifies UN mediation as a new key tool to counter external challenges as they emerge. The paper gives an overview of the state of international conflict mediation today and is divided to the following sections:

- Mediation today
- One mediator among many
- Defining the UN's role
- Dialogue in today's world
- Obstacles to dialogue
- Finding and supporting the right people
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Should Humanitarians Use Private Military Services?

In this article, the author warns the humanitarian community to be business-savvy before they decide to use private military services.

Peter Warren Singer is National Security Fellow at the Brookings Institution and Director of the Brookings Project on US Policy Towards the Islamic World.
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Food aid or hidden dumping? Separating wheat from chaff

Report
Oxfam
In a world prone to natural and human disasters, where 850 million people still suffer from hunger, food aid can sometimes be a crucial lifeline. However, food aid has also been used for less noble aims, including to dump surplus production and promote donor country exports. This type of food aid hurts poor farmers and distorts international trade. This report calls for strong disciplines against abuse of food aid as part of the Doha Round negotiations at the World Trade Organisation.

The report is made up of 5 chapters:

1. Introduction
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Protection Through Participation: Young People Affected by Forced Migration and Political Crisis

This paper considers the situations of youth and adolescents affected by war and displacement throughout the world, and provides a summary of some of the key issues to be explored with regards to their protection. It draws upon insights and experience from researchers, practitioners and war-affected young people themselves in an attempt to better understand the challenges they face during war, and the resulting implications for policy and practice.

The first section of this paper provides a brief overview of the impacts of war on children, youth and adolescents,
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Managing the risks of corruption in humanitarian relief operations

Humanitarian relief is worth as much as $10 billion annually, funded and delivered through a mosaic of donor organisations, bilateral and multilateral agencies, NGOs, Red Cross movement agencies, private contractors and military forces. These actors operate according to various norms and guidelines, but there is also a significant diversity in approach, and in the degree of coherence between them. Each tier of this relief chain creates risks of mismanagement, diversion and corruption, potentially reducing the assistance that reaches people in need.
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Forced Evictions - Towards Solutions?: First Report of the Advisory Group on Forced Evictions to the Executive Director of UN-HABITAT

This publication is the first report of the Advisory Group on Forced Evictions (AGFE) to the Executive Director of UN-Habitat.

Chapter 2 contains summaries of a selection of fifteen of the eviction cases submitted to AGFE for consideration and potential action during its first year of operation. The accounts given are summaries of the essential information collected, plus analysis of the chances of positive resolution.

Chapter 3 explains how AGFE has begun, on the invitation of the respective governments, to play a direct role in
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Women & elections: Guide to promoting the participation of women in elections

The current handbook is intended to provide a quick reference guide to assist headquarters- and fieldbased
actors from the United Nations, Governments and civil society working to promote greater participation of women in electoral processes in post-conflict countries.

Chapter 1: General Overview
Chapter 2: The Legal Framework
Chapter 3: Political Participation
Chapter 4: Voter Registration
Chapter 5: Voter and Civil Education
Chapter 6: Election Administration
Chapter 7: Election Observation
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1st SENAC Advisory Group Meeting Report

In October 2004, the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO) funded a WFP project to Strengthen Emergency Needs Assessment Capacity (SENAC). The objective of the SENAC Project was "to reinforce WFP's capacity to assess humanitarian needs in the food sector during emergencies and the immediate aftermath through accurate and impartial needs assessments". To achieve this, the Project aimed to:
  • develop improved analytical methods, tools and guidance materials;
  • strengthen WFP's field capacity by deploying 12 assessment specialists in its
  • regional bureaux; and
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Internal Displacement - Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2004

This report is based on the wealth of information and analysis that is included in the online IDP database run by the Global IDP Project.

With this Global Overview, the Global IDP Project hopes to contribute to raising awareness of the plight of one of the world's most vulnerable groups, and to promote ongoing efforts to improve responses to their needs, at the national and international level.

The report addresses the following issues:

- Global trends and developments
- Women and children,
- Health and Food
- Property issues
- Shelter and housing
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Operationalising Norwegian People's Aid's Right-Based Appoach: A Review of Lessons from International Non-Governmental Organisations of Relevance to Norwegian People's Aid's Adoption of a Rights-Based Approach

The aim of this review is to synthesise findings on the adoption of rights-based approaches by international non-governmental organisations in order to inform Norwegian People's Aid staff on how best to approach this issue.

In December 2003, NPA issued a new policy document defining its strategic direction for the next five years entitled 'Policy and Strategy for NPA International Development and Humanitarian Work, 2003-2007'. This document sets out NPA's values, its commitment to a rights-based approach, and its work, primarily with rightsbased local