This work discerns the major risk factors that increase the likelihood of mass violence.

It examines what steps might be taken to counteract or avoid the risk factors, especially through changes in the behavior of leaders and their constituencies.

It also explores ways in which governments, intergovernmental organizations, and the institutions of civil society could help to build favorable conditions for peace.

A range of effective preventive strategies are considered. The approach to prevention is broad here, encompassing political, economic, military, social, and psychological considerations.

The recommendations of this report are addressed to leaders and governments as well as many elements of the international community, among them the democracies, the United Nations, regional organizations, the business community, etc.