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Six issues the international donor conference for Mali should focus on

The international donor community is gathering in Brussels on May 15 to consider a request to pledge about 340 million euros ($439 million) in support of “a new Mali.” With significant progress made in constraining the presence and influence of armed groups in the north, it is crucial to focus on the provision of human security for all communities in Mali. It is essential for the political process to be sufficiently inclusive to address the multiple crises facing the country.

The donor conference should focus on six issues:

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Rethinking Force Generation: Filling the Capability Gaps in UN Peacekeeping

This report analyzes the limitation of the UN system for generating contributions of personnel and equipment for peace operations, otherwise known as force generation. United Nations peacekeeping operates the second largest global deployment of troops and yet must do so with no standing or reserve army. This means the UN must constantly mobilize and rotate voluntary contributions of nearly 100,000 uniformed personnel and related equipment from more than 100 different member states.

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Local Aid Works Better in Somalia

Somalia could fall into the same trap as Afghanistan and Iraq where massive influxes of aid create a short-term boom in the economy but don’t necessarily lay the groundwork for sustainable growth, said Aisha Ahmad, assistant professor of political science at the University of Toronto and chief operation officer of the Dr. Hawa Abdi Foundation, an internationally renowned organization in Somalia that has provided emergency relief to people throughout the civil war.

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Somalia + 1 other
In Somalia, Humanitarian NGOs Against Integration with United Nations: Interview with Joel Charny

An integrated United Nations mission in Somalia will inevitably be politicized and compromise humanitarian aid to the troubled region, said Joel Charny, Vice President of InterAction, an alliance of 180 American nongovernmental organizations.

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World + 1 other
Peace Operations, the African Union, and the United Nations: Toward More Effective Partnerships

This paper analyzes the recent history of relations between the UN Security Council and the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AU) with respect to peace operations. Collaboration in this area was born out of the comparative advantages of both institutions, but it has suffered from several problems, including the AU’s weak bureaucratic, logistical, and financial capabilities. This has resulted in an unequal partnership where the AU’s major peace operations remain dependent on the UN and other partners for support.

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Interview with Catherine Bragg, Former UN Humanitarian Aid Official

Catherine Bragg, former Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator and Deputy Head of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), said international humanitarian aid is no longer governed by a monolitic authoritative, formal humanitarian system, but now involves a multitude of actors including regional organizations who are developing their own coordination mechanisms and member states who are developing their own capabilities and structures.

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New Political Will Links Women, Peace and Security Agenda to International Humanitarian Law

With the adoption of the new Arms Trade Treaty and the G8 Declaration on Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict, the international community has taken major steps towards creating an international framework of deterrence for sexual and gender-based violence in armed conflict.

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Despite Ample Mechanisms, Women Still Excluded from Afghanistan’s Political Process

Since 2001, the international community and the Afghan government have been actively engaged in the promotion of gender equality, women's rights, and human rights. Men and women were accorded equal rights in Afghanistan’s constitution.

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Less Violence, More Development

Half a million people die violently each year from interpersonal violence, organized crime, and civil wars. Not only do premature deaths result in productivity losses and inconsolable pain and suffering, they represent a drag on economic growth. In the fragile societies where most violence occurs, the development trajectories of the families and dependents of those killed will be permanently set back, having lost fathers, mothers, siblings, breadwinners, and entrepreneurs.

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Hugo Slim: Legal and Ethical to Pursue Cross-Border Humanitarian Aid

Hugo Slim, a former aid worker and leading humanitarian academic, said in this interview that he believes humanitarian agencies can disregard state consent in pursuit of accessing populations in need of assistance, as in the case of Syria. “It seems ethically acceptable to me at that point; if a government is not accepting more humanitarian agencies, for humanitarian agencies to go cross-border in such a situation,” he said.

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Grasping at Straws For Action on Syria

Human Rights Watch’s latest report “Death From the Skies” on atrocities in Syria covers the aerial attacks perpetrated by the Syrian security forces. Since these started in July 2012, they have only intensified to a disastrous effect on the Syrian people, killing at least 4,300 civilians, according to a source it quotes.

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What the UN Needs to Be Clear About Before it Takes the Lead in Mali

“The political process is lagging dangerously behind the military effort” is the key sentence in a new report by the UN Secretary-General on Mali. The primary problem underlying the Mali crisis has been poor governance and a lack of human security. The French-led military intervention has pushed back violent extremism which, however, has been an outcome rather than a root-cause of the crisis.

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World + 7 others
New Technology and the Prevention of Violence and Conflict

Cell phones, social media, crowdsourcing, crisis mapping, blogging, and big data can help to forestall crises and to address the root causes of violence.

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Too Risk-Averse, UN Peacekeepers in the DRC Get New Mandate and More Challenges

Interpreted by some as the UN’s first authorization for the use of offensive force, UN Security Council Resolution 2098 passed on March 29 and called for the deployment of an “intervention brigade” to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) that can use offensive combat operations to “neutralize and disarm” Congolese rebel groups, in particular the M23 rebels responsible for taking over Goma in the eastern DRC last year.

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Interview with E.J. Hogendoorn, International Crisis Group, on Kenya’s Elections

Kenya's peaceful March 4 elections was the result of hard work by both the Kenyans and the international community, said E.J. Hogendoorn, the deputy director for Africa at the International Crisis Group (ICG), though there is much that can be improved in the voting process.

"I think that to some degree the elections have been a success because they have been peaceful; they have not really been a success in terms of how they were logistically implemented," said Mr. Hogendoorn.

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Interview with Peter Maurer, President of the International Committee of the Red Cross

In this interview, Peter Maurer, president of the International Committee of the Red Cross, defended his organization’s decision to remain in cooperation with the Syrian government to bring much-needed humanitarian aid to all of Syria, including those areas held by the opposition.

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Interview: What Will Peace Operations Look Like in 2025?

In this interview, Tobias von Gienanth, author of Peace Operations 2025, and Almut Wieland-Karimi, director of the Center for International Peace Operations (ZIF), discussed how the publication, a collection of possible scenarios for the future of peace operations in the year 2025, came about and the different factors that were used to determine the scenarios.

“We thought a lot has been said about peacekeeping and peace building and peace operations, but no one has really applied modern scenario methodology to peace operations,” said Ms. Wieland-Karimi.

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Interview with Hilde Johnson, UN Special Representative for South Sudan

“All the energy, virtually, in South Sudan, has been sucked into the South Sudan-Sudan relationship, and very limited energy resources have been focused on core statebuilding and nation-building priorities,” said Hilde Johnson, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the UN Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS).

Though Ms. Johnson said, “We have seen progress, despite all the tensions, all the troubles, and all the energy going elsewhere.”

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Why Kenyans Voted For ICC-Indicted Candidates

How is it that Kenyans, who have voiced consistent support for the International Criminal Court, voted for candidates who were about to be tried by the same court? The answer reveals a web of contradictions, partly fueled by Western government missteps.

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UN Arms Treaty Waters Down Role of Weapons in Sexual- and Gender-Based Violence

The connection between small arms/light weapons and aggravated violence against women and girls was powerfully acknowledged in last week’s agreed conclusions of the UN Commission of the Status of Women (CSW); this week, however, that connection is about to be weakened in the proposed Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which begins negotiations on the text this week. The draft text of the ATT has provided a loophole for some member states to consider acts of sexual and gender-violence as not legitimate grounds for prohibiting a weapons transfer.