This Cluster Coordination Reference Module is about the basics of cluster coordination in non-refugee situations. It is compiled in response to a request by the IASC as a reference guide for practitioners to facilitate the work through which humanitarian outcomes can be improved. It outlines key concepts and draws attention to existing guidance, wherever relevant. This reference module will be reviewed periodically based on feedback from the field.

The IASC Principals have agreed that major sudden-onset humanitarian crises triggered by natural disasters or conflict which require system-wide mobilization (so-called ‘Level 3/L3’ emergencies) are to be subject to a Humanitarian System-Wide Emergency Activation (henceforth referred to as ‘L3 activation’), to ensure a more effective response to the humanitarian needs of affected populations.

Among the 90 415 households in camps, 5 920 (6%) are living in transitional shelters while 11 128 (12%) are living in the “Jerusalem, Canaan and Onaville” area. In total, more than 73 000 households are still living in emergency shelters in camps (e-shelters).

IASC assessment has identified 111 temporary settlements hosting 2,870 families in Ghotki, Larkana, Qamber Shahdadkot and Sukkur. Many people in Qamber Shadadkot remain in temporary settlements (1,901 families). The emergency situation continues to become more serious as floodwater from Balochistan and North Sindh drains through the district.

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Tens of thousands of people died, hundreds of thousands were displaced, and millions suffered deep erosion of livelihoods and assets in the 2011 drought crisis. However, the majority of the 13 million people affected received life-saving aid that prevented disaster. Suffering and mortality were most extreme for people in Somalia, and for Somali refugees moving to Ethiopia. Humanitarian response reached most people in time in Ethiopia and Kenya, but it failed to prevent a famine in Somalia.

Executive Summary

The severe drought in the Horn of Africa in 2011 affected large areas of southern Ethiopia, leaving hundreds of thousands of people in need of assistance. The Government of Ethiopia and its international partners responded at scale to these threats, providing assistance to millions and offering sanctuary to tens of thousands of Somali refugees.

Summary of Key Messages

In recognition of a significant weighting in favour of neighbourhood based beneficiaries for the three largest direct assistance types to date, – T‐Shelter, Housing Repair and Housing Reconstruction ‐ the Cluster advocates for an increased targeting of camp based beneficiaries with all new activities throughout 2012. This is necessary to ensure a balanced approach to assistance provision that seeks to adequately address the needs of all beneficiary groups.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

1. Executive Summary

This document contains analysis of the fourth round of assessments where data was collected from 11 PDMA notified districts (Badin, Mirpurkhas, Sanghar, Umerkot, Dadu, Matiari, Hyderabad,