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01 Jan 1997

World
Preventing Deadly Conflict: Final Report

Report
— CARE
This work discerns the major risk factors that increase the likelihood of mass violence.

It examines what steps might be taken to counteract or avoid the risk factors, especially through changes in the behavior of leaders and their constituencies.

It also explores ways in which governments, intergovernmental organizations, and the institutions of civil society could help to build favorable conditions for peace.

A range of effective preventive strategies are considered. The approach to prevention is broad here, encompassing
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01 Jan 1997

World
Emergency Water Sources: Guidelines for Selection and Treatment

Report
— Loughborough University
These guidelines seek to help those involved in the assessment of emergency water sources to collect relevant information in a systematic way, to use this information to select a source or sources and to determine the appropriate level of treatment required to make the water suitable for drinking.

Not limited to the selection and treatment of water sources, the guidelines are also useful for the design and costing of the water supply system, the ordering of material and equipment, the organisation of human resources and the implementation of the project.
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01 Jan 1997

World
Universal Food Security: Issues for the South

Report
— South Centre
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This policy brief emphasizes a set of food security issues and policies of particular concern to people and governments of developing countries. For this purpose, it discusses and defines the concept of food security, highlights important dimensions of food security as well as advocates for the need for international reforms and co-operation.

The paper seeks to contribute to more effective action towards achieving universal food security and provide and highlight elements that can usefully contribute to policies promoting universal food security.
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01 Jan 1997

World
Disaster Management Ethics

Report
— UN Development Programme
Download PDF (955.53 KB)
This module addresses some of the ethical issues and dilemmas faced by the humanitarian assistance community as it seeks to respond to human need in the context of natural and human-caused disasters. It contains the following chapters:

- Military intervention
- Displaced populations and refugees
- Participatory development
- Fundraising, appeals and utilization
- Disaster declaration and response

The module seeks to bring out additional perspectives and contributions, leading to a more adequate ethical foundation to guide humanitarian actions.
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01 Jan 1997

World
Refugees, Displaced People and their Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS

Report
— UK Consortium on AIDS and International Development
Download PDF (186.79 KB)
This conference report examines the impact of displacement on vulnerability to HIV and the effect of HIV infection on situations of displacement, as well as discusses what NGOs can and should do immediately post-emergency and at later stages of displacement.

Attended by more than 90 people from 16 countries from NGOs, UN, governments and universities, the seminar sought to share experiences between NGOs and other international and governmental organizations and raise awareness of the connections between HIV and displacement.
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01 Jan 1997

World
Execution of Humanitarian Assistance Programmes through Implementing Partners

Report
— United Nations
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In the context of concerns regarding lack of proper reporting to Member States on the use of funds devoted to humanitarian assistance activities, this report examines the principles governing the financial control between the organisations of the UN system and their implementing partners.

Issues considered include the selection methods and criteria of implementing partners; legal, administrative and financial procedures; controlling mechanisms; and reporting procedures.

Aiming to improve the management of financial
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01 Jan 1997

World
Managing Communications Lessons from Interventions in Africa

Report
— US Institute of Peace
Aiming to improve operational efficiency to save lives and resources and lay the groundwork for faster regional recuperation and reconstruction, this conference report examines information sharing and communications systems linking humanitarian and military actors.

In addition to drawing lessons from practices among humanitarian and peacekeeping organisations in complex emergency operations in Somalia, Rwanda, and Liberia, it also discusses the following issues:

- Current field communications practices
- Improving practices through new technologies

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01 Jan 1997

World
Reporting Human Rights and Humanitarian Stories: A Journalist's Handbook

Report
— International Centre for Humanitarian Reporting
This handbook aims to support journalists who report stories with human rights or humanitarian components and who must work fast, seek accuracy, keep their costs low, and work all or much of the time without Email or Internet access. It includes chapters on the following issues:

- International human rights law
- International humanitarian law
- Disasters and war
- Migrants and refugees
- Minorities and indigenous/tribal peoples
- Women and children

The handbook was written in collaboration with several legal experts and professional journalists.
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01 Jan 1997

World
The Media's Role in Preventing and Moderating Conflict

Report
— US Institute of Peace
This report examines the role of the media and its potential in helping prevent and moderate social violence. For this purpose, it develops a typology of potential roles of the media, drawing on conflict management theories, negotiating theory, and other approaches to the prevention and management of conflict at the international and sub-state level.

The paper aims to contribute to the establishment of a clear, systematic sense of what media-based initiatives would be possible and appropriate to undertake in particular conflict situations.

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01 Jan 1997

World
The Development of Indigenous Mine Action Capabilities

Report
— UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs
Examining UN supported mine action programmes in Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia and Mozambique, this report aims to identify lessons learned with respect to the most effective means of addressing humanitarian implications of landmines. For this purpose, the following issues are examined:

- Mine warfare: Implications for civilians and mine action programmes
- UN focal point support for mine action programmes
- Mine action activities and peace-keeping missions
- Building indigenous institutional capabilities
- Assessment and preliminary plan
- Management issues
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01 Jan 1997

World
Manual on Human Rights Reporting

Report
— UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Download PDF (2.11 MB)
Intending to assist States Parties in monitoring and implementing international human rights standards, this manual provides a practical tool for government officials in the preparation and submission of reports required under UN international human rights treaties.

The Manual places the reporting process within the framework of both domestic policy-making and a government's international accountability on human rights issues.

It is hoped that the Manual will prove useful not only as a guide for reporting officers in the preparation of human
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01 Jan 1997

World
DAC Guidelines on Conflict, Peace and Development Cooperation

Report
— Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download PDF (315.43 KB)
With respect to the design and implementation of development co-operation for conflict prevention and post-conflict recovery, this report discusses issues ranging from broad policy questions, notably in the field of assistance for conflict prevention, to more technical and operational ones, particularly in the areas of assistance for post-conflict recovery.

While the guidelines are primarily concerned with the role of development co-operation in these areas, some activities and approaches described involve broader areas of international assistance
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01 Jan 1997

World
Gendered Battlefields: A Gendered Analysis of Peace and Conflict

Report
— International Peace Research Institute, Oslo
This report brings a gender perspective to the analysis of peace and conflict, attempting to outline the central components of a gender analysis to peace and conflict issues, and to suggest what can be achieved by incorporating a gender perspective. For this purpose, it examines:

- Gender analysis in practice
- What is gender difference
- Gender, politics and security
- Men and women in the battlefield

The report is based on ideas and discussions presented at an expert group meeting in Santa Domingo in October 1996,
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01 Jan 1997

World
Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement

Report
— UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
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Based upon existing international humanitarian law and human rights instruments, these Guiding Principles are to serve as an international standard to guide governments as well as international humanitarian and development agencies in providing assistance and protection to IDPs.

Aiming to raise awareness of the needs of IDPs, mobilise support within the humanitarian community and help field colleagues to find solutions in terms of protection and assistance needs of the internally displaced, the Principles will also assist governments
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs:

To learn more about OCHA's activities, please visit http://unocha.org/.

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01 Jan 1997

World
State of the World's Refugees 1997: A Humanitarian Agenda

Report
— UN High Commissioner for Refugees
With mass population displacements becoming both an objective and a tactic of war, this book provides a topical and detailed examination of the problem of forced displacement, focusing on the different groups of people who are protected and assisted by the organization. It contains the following chapters:

- Safeguarding human security
- Defending refugee rights
- Internal conflict and displacement
- Return and reintegration
- Asylum dilemma
- Statelessness and citizenship

The book sets out a wide-ranging agenda for

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01 Jan 1997

World
Child Nutrition and Food Security during Armed Conflicts

Report
— Food and Agriculture Organization
Download PDF (131.66 KB)
This report considers the broad range of factors increasing children's vulnerability to malnutrition brought about by armed conflicts. Case studies examine the impact of armed conflict on food and nutrition in Somalia, flight and loss of property in Liberia and using food aid in the Sudan. In addition, topics discussed include:

- Insufficient household food security
- Coping during conflict
- Insufficient health services and unhealthy environment
- Impaired caring capacities
- Response mechanisms

The report is based on discussions with UN
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01 Jan 1997

World
Pest and Vector Control in Refugee Camps

Report
— UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Download PDF (289.87 KB)
This manual provides information to Vector Control Personnel for their immediate use during crisis situations in refugee camps. For this purpose, it deals with the following issues:

- Problem arthropods of the area
- Biological influences on the choice and effectiveness of control methods
- Vector-borne diseases of the area
- Basic control methods and equipment
- Pesticide safety and toxicity

Also offering a glossary of scientific terms, a reference list, and 9 technical worksheets, the manual grew out of the
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01 Jan 1997

World
Exit Strategy for Humanitarian Actors in the Context of Complex Emergencies

Report
— Inter-Agency Standing Committee
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This paper addresses the exit strategy, i.e. the process of moving from emergency to rehabilitation and development, from the standpoint of an emergency requiring a humanitarian response and considers the conditions to be met in order to proceed with such a strategy. For this purpose, the following points are discussed:

- General policy
- Specific conditions for executing the exit strategy
- Operational principles
- Impact on humanitarian coordination.

The paper provides a response to the General

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